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| report [2020/06/23 01:53] – [7.2 Architecture] team1 | report [2021/03/23 10:55] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 |
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| |Production|Can be machined, routed, lathe-worked, cut using similar techniques to woodworking, and can be formed using a process like compression-molding plastics|As with other thermoplastics, PET can be injection molded, extruded and, as the number of bottles demonstrates, blow-molded. It can also be calendered into sheets. |Compared to other steels, stainless steel is versatile in terms of processing – it can be folded, bent, forged, deep drawn, and rolled. Standard grades are difficult to machine because of the hardness of the material, although specific grades are available that are much easier to machine. As a result of this versatility, it is suited to production volumes ranging from one-off to mass production. |In its granular form, PMMA is a versatile thermoplastic that can be injection molded and extruded. It is also widely available in a range of semi-finished rods, tubes and particularly sheets.|In order to understand the processing of PU, the various forms need to be understood. As a thermoset material – foams – it is limited to reaction injection molding. As a TPU, it is suitable for a range of production methods, including injection molding, compression molding, casting, extrusion, and also spraying.|It is difficult to extrude due to its low viscosity but is well suited to standard injection moulding. It can be spun into fibres, extruded for multilayer films for bottles, and is capable of being filled with materials including glass fibres to enhance its properties. Plasticizers can be used to increase flexibility| | |Production|Can be machined, routed, lathe-worked, cut using similar techniques to woodworking, and can be formed using a process like compression-molding plastics|As with other thermoplastics, PET can be injection molded, extruded and, as the number of bottles demonstrates, blow-molded. It can also be calendered into sheets. |Compared to other steels, stainless steel is versatile in terms of processing – it can be folded, bent, forged, deep drawn, and rolled. Standard grades are difficult to machine because of the hardness of the material, although specific grades are available that are much easier to machine. As a result of this versatility, it is suited to production volumes ranging from one-off to mass production. |In its granular form, PMMA is a versatile thermoplastic that can be injection molded and extruded. It is also widely available in a range of semi-finished rods, tubes and particularly sheets.|In order to understand the processing of PU, the various forms need to be understood. As a thermoset material – foams – it is limited to reaction injection molding. As a TPU, it is suitable for a range of production methods, including injection molding, compression molding, casting, extrusion, and also spraying.|It is difficult to extrude due to its low viscosity but is well suited to standard injection moulding. It can be spun into fibres, extruded for multilayer films for bottles, and is capable of being filled with materials including glass fibres to enhance its properties. Plasticizers can be used to increase flexibility| |
| |Sustainability issues |Cork trees absorb up to five times more CO<sub>2</sub> than other trees while producing a new harvest of cork bark every nine years |In terms of the material, PETs represent one of the biggest areas of recycling, with the bottles being re-melted to make carpets, fibres, video cassette tape and as a filler for pillows and clothes: five two-liter PET bottles can yield enough fibrefill to make a ski jacket. PET is identified by the number 1 in the recycling symbol.|Recyclable.| Petroleum-based so not the most sustainable choice. However, PMMA can be reground, melted, and extruded into new products.| Low-temperature molding saves energy and is the most common form of reusing PU. Low-temperature molding is when the material is re-ground and bound together.|As a thermoplastic, it can be recycled; post-consumer PA is currently not recycled in large quantities but recycled postindustrial.| | |Sustainability issues |Cork trees absorb up to five times more CO<sub>2</sub> than other trees while producing a new harvest of cork bark every nine years |In terms of the material, PETs represent one of the biggest areas of recycling, with the bottles being re-melted to make carpets, fibres, video cassette tape and as a filler for pillows and clothes: five two-liter PET bottles can yield enough fibrefill to make a ski jacket. PET is identified by the number 1 in the recycling symbol.|Recyclable.| Petroleum-based so not the most sustainable choice. However, PMMA can be reground, melted, and extruded into new products.| Low-temperature molding saves energy and is the most common form of reusing PU. Low-temperature molding is when the material is re-ground and bound together.|As a thermoplastic, it can be recycled; post-consumer PA is currently not recycled in large quantities but recycled postindustrial.| |
| |Cost |Relatively inexpensive |1.46€ per kg |3.59€ per kg |2.86€ per kg|TPU: 2.86€ per kg.| 2.86€ per kg.| | |Cost |Relatively inexpensive |1.46 €/kg |3.59 €/kg |2.86 €/kg|TPU: 2.86 €/kg| 2.86€/kg| |
| |Source |Portugal is one of the world’s biggest exporters of cork and accounts for 60% of the world’s production, producing over 300.000 tonnes a year. Spain, Algeria, and Morocco are also large producers. |Widely available from multiple global suppliers in both virgin and recycled forms. |Widely available from multiple global suppliers.|Widely available from multiple global suppliers|Widely available from multiple global suppliers.|Widely available from multiple global suppliers.| | |Source |Portugal is one of the world’s biggest exporters of cork and accounts for 60% of the world’s production, producing over 300.000 tonnes a year. Spain, Algeria, and Morocco are also large producers. |Widely available from multiple global suppliers in both virgin and recycled forms. |Widely available from multiple global suppliers.|Widely available from multiple global suppliers|Widely available from multiple global suppliers.|Widely available from multiple global suppliers.| |
| |Key features|Poisson ratio of 0, Renewable, Biodegradable, Elastic, Vibration dampening, Shock dampening, Impermeable to liquids, Impermeable to gases, Good heat insulation|Excellent chemical resistance, Excellent dimensional stability, Tough and durable, Inexpensive, Excellent clarity, Good impact strength, Recyclable|Non-corrosive, Excellent toughness, Achieves a high polish, Difficult to cold work due to hardness, High-temperature resistance, High weight, High cost, Recyclable| Excellent clarity, Good hardness, Good stiffness, Resistant to weathering, Easy to color match, High print adhesion, Poor solvent resistance, Poor fatigue resistance, Recyclable| Excellent tensile strength, Excellent toughness, Excellent flexibility, Excellent abrasion resistance, Excellent cut resistance, Excellent chemical resistance, Good resistance to weathering, High flex life, Good impact strength, Generally not recyclable| Low friction, Excellent resistance to abrasion, High strength, High temperature resistance, Blends well with other materials, Poor moisture resistance, Limited chemical resistance, Recyclable| | |Key features|Poisson ratio of 0, Renewable, Biodegradable, Elastic, Vibration dampening, Shock dampening, Impermeable to liquids, Impermeable to gases, Good heat insulation|Excellent chemical resistance, Excellent dimensional stability, Tough and durable, Inexpensive, Excellent clarity, Good impact strength, Recyclable|Non-corrosive, Excellent toughness, Achieves a high polish, Difficult to cold work due to hardness, High-temperature resistance, High weight, High cost, Recyclable| Excellent clarity, Good hardness, Good stiffness, Resistant to weathering, Easy to color match, High print adhesion, Poor solvent resistance, Poor fatigue resistance, Recyclable| Excellent tensile strength, Excellent toughness, Excellent flexibility, Excellent abrasion resistance, Excellent cut resistance, Excellent chemical resistance, Good resistance to weathering, High flex life, Good impact strength, Generally not recyclable| Low friction, Excellent resistance to abrasion, High strength, High temperature resistance, Blends well with other materials, Poor moisture resistance, Limited chemical resistance, Recyclable| |
| </WRAP> | </WRAP> |
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| Despite its biodegradable and impermeable properties, cork cannot easily be assembled with other parts (made out of other materials, such as plastic or steel).\\ | Despite its biodegradable and impermeable properties, cork cannot be easily integrated with other parts (made out of other materials, such as plastic or steel).\\ |
| For the main body, PET is a good solution because it is tough, durable, and inexpensive. | For the main body, PET is a good solution because it is tough, durable, and inexpensive. |
| For the parts exposed to sun, one of the most UV resistant plastics would be used, Polymethyl Methacrylate, as known as acrylic, which is also one of the most common plastics used in outdoor applications. | For the parts exposed to the Sun, one of the most UV resistant plastics would be used. Polymethyl Methacrylate, known as acrylic, is one of the most common plastics used in outdoor applications. |
| When it comes to the metal components, stainless steel will be used, due to the environment where the product operates in. | When it comes to the metal components, stainless steel will be used, due to the product's environment. |
| For the mesh bag, one of the most used mesh filters is the one made out of nylon, and Soaksy will use the same. | The mesh bag is made out of nylon. |
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| In table {{ref>componentpicture}}, each non-electrical custom made component is described, along with its specifications. | In table {{ref>componentpicture}}, each non-electrical custom made component is described, along with its specifications. |
| <WRAP box 800px center> | <WRAP box 800px center> |
| ^ Component ^Material ^Mass ^Material cost ^Final price^ | ^ Component ^Material ^Mass ^Material cost ^Final price^ |
| | {{:corp.jpg?400|}} | PET | 11.91 kg | 1.46€ per kg| 17.38€ | | | {{:corp.jpg?400|}} | PET | 11.91 kg | 1.46 €/kg| 17.38 € | |
| | {{:bula.jpg?400|}} | PMMA | 0.81 kg x 3 | 2.86€ per kg| 6.94€ | | | {{:bula.jpg?400|}} | PMMA | 0.81 kg x 3 | 2.86 €/kg| 6.94 € | |
| | {{:suport.jpg?400|}} | PMMA | 0.06 kg | 2.86€ per kg| 0.17€ | | | {{:suport.jpg?400|}} | PMMA | 0.06 kg | 2.86 €/kg| 0.17 € | |
| | {{:cablu.jpg?400|}} | TPU | 0.58 kg | 2.86€ per kg| 1.65€ | | | {{:cablu.jpg?400|}} | TPU | 0.58 kg | 2.86 €/kg| 1.65 € | |
| |{{:inel_plasa.jpg?400|}} | PMMA | 0.63 kg | 2.86€ per kg| 1.80€ | | |{{:inel_plasa.jpg?400|}} | PMMA | 0.63 kg | 2.86 €/kg| 1.80 € | |
| |{{:etansare.jpg?400|}} | PU | 0.01 kg x 3 | 2.86€ per kg| 0.08€ | | |{{:etansare.jpg?400|}} | PU | 0.01 kg x 3 | 2.86 €/kg| 0.08 € | |
| |{{:inel_cauciuc.jpg?400|}} | PU | 0.09 kg | 2.86€ per kg| 0.25€ | | |{{:inel_cauciuc.jpg?400|}} | PU | 0.09 kg | 2.86 €/kg| 0.25 € | |
| |{{:steelbody.jpg?400|}} |Stainless Steel| 26kg | 3.59€ per kg| 93.34€ | | |{{:steelbody.jpg?400|}} |Stainless Steel| 26 kg | 3.59 €/kg| 93.34 € | |
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| <WRAP box 800px center> | <WRAP box 800px center> |
| ^ Component ^Material^Link ^Price per unit^ Final price^ | ^ Component ^Material^Link ^Price per unit^ Final price^ |
| |{{:bolt.jpg?400|}} {{:nut.jpg?400|}}| Stainless steel |[[https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Factory-price-stainless-steel-304-316_60658500131.html?spm=a2700.galleryofferlist.0.0.156c84e74utjVv|Bolt and nut]]| 0.03€| 0.45€| | |{{:bolt.jpg?400|}} {{:nut.jpg?400|}}| Stainless steel |[[https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Factory-price-stainless-steel-304-316_60658500131.html?spm=a2700.galleryofferlist.0.0.156c84e74utjVv|Bolt and nut]]| 0.03 €| 0.45 €| |
| |{{:spring.jpg?400|}}| Stainless steel| [[https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/helical-disc-M6-M10-M12-conical_1600055798583.html?spm=a2700.7724857.normalList.89.3bcd529dYJxXwv|Spring washer]]|0.02€| 0.30€| | |{{:spring.jpg?400|}}| Stainless steel| [[https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/helical-disc-M6-M10-M12-conical_1600055798583.html?spm=a2700.7724857.normalList.89.3bcd529dYJxXwv|Spring washer]]|0.02 €| 0.30 €| |
| |{{:washer.jpg?400|}}|Stainless steel| [[https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Stainless-steel-din-9021-M5-304_60815554551.html?spm=a2700.galleryofferlist.0.0.40a32428p1FuhF|Flat washer]]|0.02€| 0.6€| | |{{:washer.jpg?400|}}|Stainless steel| [[https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Stainless-steel-din-9021-M5-304_60815554551.html?spm=a2700.galleryofferlist.0.0.40a32428p1FuhF|Flat washer]]|0.02 €| 0.6 €| |
| |{{:plasa.jpg?400|}}|PMMA |[[https://www.amazon.com/Annie-Lightweight-Parrot-Fabric-18x54ParrotBl/dp/B072Z71VQH/ref=sr_1_7?dchild=1&keywords=nylon+mesh+netting&pd_rd_r=18c7b827-ec96-4eac-ac66-302fed4e3084&pd_rd_w=ludRT&pd_rd_wg=Na1pR&pf_rd_p=ff875a9e-7810-43da-bae9-ec4c363817ac&pf_rd_r=ZDBN1JCAM7QWJJ37EMPD&qid=1591919485&sr=8-7|Nylon mesh]]| 8€| 8€| | |{{:plasa.jpg?400|}}|PMMA |[[https://www.amazon.com/Annie-Lightweight-Parrot-Fabric-18x54ParrotBl/dp/B072Z71VQH/ref=sr_1_7?dchild=1&keywords=nylon+mesh+netting&pd_rd_r=18c7b827-ec96-4eac-ac66-302fed4e3084&pd_rd_w=ludRT&pd_rd_wg=Na1pR&pf_rd_p=ff875a9e-7810-43da-bae9-ec4c363817ac&pf_rd_r=ZDBN1JCAM7QWJJ37EMPD&qid=1591919485&sr=8-7|Nylon mesh]]| 8 €| 8 €| |
| |{{:sarma.jpg?400|}}|Stainless steel| [[https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32951847244.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.0.0.64497d698yPgMm&algo_pvid=5fbd5c9e-b69c-481f-95e6-6d85cd9bbc88&algo_expid=5fbd5c9e-b69c-481f-95e6-6d85cd9bbc88-11&btsid=0ab6f82315919948041317534e0d9c&ws_ab_test=searchweb0_0,searchweb201602_,searchweb201603_|Nylon mesh]]|6.85€/5 meters| 0.685€| | |{{:sarma.jpg?400|}}|Stainless steel| [[https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32951847244.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.0.0.64497d698yPgMm&algo_pvid=5fbd5c9e-b69c-481f-95e6-6d85cd9bbc88&algo_expid=5fbd5c9e-b69c-481f-95e6-6d85cd9bbc88-11&btsid=0ab6f82315919948041317534e0d9c&ws_ab_test=searchweb0_0,searchweb201602_,searchweb201603_|Nylon mesh]]|6.85 €/5 meters| 0.685 €| |
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| === - Fluid mechanics === | === - Fluid mechanics === |
| In the process of developing a product that operates in a lake, it is necessary that we consider the mechanics of fluids and the forces on them. | In the process of developing a product that operates in a lake, it is necessary to consider the mechanics of fluids and the relevant forces. |
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| == - Overview == | == - Overview == |
| Archimedes' principle states that any object, wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. | Archimedes' principle states that any object, wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. |
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| An object floats when the weight force on the object is balanced by the upward push of the water on the object. The upwards push of the water increases with the volume of the object that is underwater; it is not affected by the depth of the water or the amount of water. | An object floats when the weight force on the object is balanced by the upward force of the water on the object. The upwards force increases with the volume of the object that is underwater; it is not affected by the depth of the water or the amount of water. |
| If the weight force down is larger than the upward push of the water on the object then the object will sink. If the reverse is true then the object will rise. | If the weight force is larger than the upward push of the water on the object then the object will sink. If the reverse is true, then the object will rise above the waterline. |
| Different objects float at different levels in the water because as most regular objects are lowered into the surface of the water, the upward push of the water steadily increases until it is in balance with the weight force of the object, and the object then continues floating at this level with the two forces in balance. | Different objects float at different levels in the water because, as most regular objects enter the water, the upward push of the water steadily increases until it is in balance with the weight force of the object, and the object then continues floating at this level with the two forces in balance. |
| Many objects that are hollow (and so generally contain air) float because the hollow sections increase the volume of the object (and so the upwards push) for very little increase in weight force down. However, it is not necessary for an object to contain air in order to float. | Many objects that are hollow (and so generally contain air) float because the hollow sections increase the volume of the object (and so the upwards push) for very little increase in weight force down. |
| No object can float without some part of it being below the surface of the water[(floatingsinking)]. | No object can float without some part of it being below the surface of the water[(floatingsinking)]. |
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| If the water level stays at the very top of the inner bin, this implies that the overall weight of the bin is the same as the weight of the water that the bin displaces. | If the water level stays at the very top of the inner bin, this implies that the overall weight of the bin is the same as the weight of the water that the bin displaces. |
| The volume of displaced water consists of the volume of the body submerged, the volume that the pump occupies, and the volume of air inside the body (where the water is falling in like a waterfall). It will also be consider the last-mentioned volume because it is not desired to be filled with water, but with air, so it is also a volume of displaced water. | The volume of displaced water consists of the volume of the body submerged, the volume that the pump occupies, and the volume of air inside the body (where the water is falling in like a waterfall). This latter volume is considered because it is not desired to be filled with water, but with air, so it is also a volume of displaced water. |
| The volume of displaced water is around 47000000 mm<sup>3</sup>, so around 47 liters. The density of water changes with temperature and, very slightly, with pressure. However, its density is approximately 1 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, meaning that 47 liters are equal to 47kg. | The volume of displaced water is around 47 000 000 mm<sup>3</sup>, so around 47 liters. The density of water changes with temperature and, very slightly, with pressure. However, its density is approximately 1 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, meaning that 47 liters are equal to 47 kg. |
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| These 47kg need to be balanced by a body that weighs 47kg. Without an extra weight to balance this, the product weighs around 16.5kg. By adding a small body of water that would allow the pump not to run dry, another 4.5kg is added. To balance the remaining mass, a 26kg body of steel is added to the bottom of the body. | These 47 kg need to be balanced by an equal weight. Without an extra weight to balance this, the product weighs around 16.5 kg. By adding a small body of water that would allow the pump not to run dry, another 4.5 kg is added. To balance the remaining mass, a 26kg body of steel is added to the bottom of the body. |
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