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| report [2020/06/22 17:08] – [2.5 Conclusion] team1 | report [2021/03/23 10:55] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 |
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| ===== - Introduction ===== | ===== - Introduction ===== |
| The European Project Semester (EPS) is a program during which students from different countries with different academic backgrounds are developing a new product. | The European Project Semester (EPS) is a program during which students from different countries with different academic backgrounds are developing a new product. |
| In the first chapter, we will present the team members and will go more into detail about the problem and our goal to solve it. | In the first chapter, will present the team members will be present and will go more into detail about the problem and our goal to solve it. |
| ==== - Presentation ==== | ==== - Presentation ==== |
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| ==== - Functional Tests ==== | ==== - Functional Tests ==== |
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| A set of tests is required in order to verify all the aspects that we need to accomplish, such as mechanical, electrical, and software concerns, described in Table {{ref>FunctionalTests}}. | A set of tests is required in order to verify all the aspects that need to be accomplish, such as mechanical, electrical, and software concerns, described in Table {{ref>FunctionalTests}}. |
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| <WRAP centeralign> | <WRAP centeralign> |
| <WRAP box 1000px center> | <WRAP box 1000px center> |
| ^ ^Pros ^Cons^ | ^ ^Pros ^Cons^ |
| |Power from the power Grid|We are sure it is going to support any pump; The Grid may have a big percentage of renewable energy |Dependent of the Grid, with all the consequences it comes with; Can't be used in remote areas| | |Power from the power Grid|Support any pump; The Grid may have a big percentage of renewable energy |Dependent of the Grid, with all the consequences it comes with; Can't be used in remote areas| |
| |Power from renewable source|Sustainable source; Independent from the Grid |More expensive; More constraints on the pump rating| | |Power from renewable source|Sustainable source; Independent from the Grid |More expensive; More constraints on the pump rating| |
| |Pump in water| Compact design |Adds instability to the product; less powerful; more weight on the final product| | |Pump in water| Compact design |Adds instability to the product; less powerful; more weight on the final product| |
| * 2020-06-23 Demo of prototype or 3D model, simulation and companion applications | * 2020-06-23 Demo of prototype or 3D model, simulation and companion applications |
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| Based on the WBS in Figure {{ref>fwbs}} and the deadlines, we created the Gantt Chart as seen in Figure {{ref>fgantt}} below. This Gantt Chart uses the six stages as shown in the WBS (Figure {{ref>fwbs}}) instead of using all the tasks, because with all the tasks in it, the Gantt Chart would look to complex and unusable. During every stage, the team continues working on the report. Furthermore, also the holidays are visible in pale pink and the weekends in pale grey. | Based on the WBS in Figure {{ref>fwbs}} and the deadlines, the Gantt Chart was created, as seen in Figure {{ref>fgantt}} below. This Gantt Chart uses the six stages as shown in the WBS (Figure {{ref>fwbs}}) instead of using all the tasks, because with all the tasks in it, the Gantt Chart would look to complex and unusable. During every stage, the team continues working on the report. Furthermore, also the holidays are visible in pale pink and the weekends in pale grey. |
| <WRAP centeralign> | <WRAP centeralign> |
| <figure fgantt> | <figure fgantt> |
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| ==== - Cost ==== | ==== - Cost ==== |
| In this section the planned and effective costs of the project are documented. First, we look into the costs for the materials and components of our prototype and secondly, the costs of labor. | In this section the planned and effective costs of the project are documented. First, look into the costs for the materials and components of our prototype and secondly, the costs of labor. |
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| === 3.4.1. Material costs === | === 3.4.1. Material costs === |
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| === 3.4.2. Labor costs === | === 3.4.2. Labor costs === |
| As EPS students, we do not have income. But it is interesting to see what the labor costs will be, if we decide to establish an actual company after the EPS. The average nominal wage in Portugal is €1188.06 per month [(temonthlywage)]. Being a start-up, we did not earn profit yet. That is why the monthly wage of our employees will be lower than the average nominal wage in Portugal, for the first year at least. Each of our employees will earn €1000 per month in the first year. The labor costs for the first year is shown in Table {{ref>labcosttab}}. The labour costs for the first year of our start-up will be €60,000. | As EPS students, the team does not have income. But it is interesting to see what the labor costs will be, if the team decides to establish an actual company after the EPS. The average nominal wage in Portugal is €1188.06 per month [(temonthlywage)]. Being a start-up, the company does not earn profit yet. That is why the monthly wage of our employees will be lower than the average nominal wage in Portugal, for the first year at least. Each of our employees will earn €1000 per month in the first year. The labor costs for the first year is shown in Table {{ref>labcosttab}}. The labour costs for the first year of our start-up will be €60,000. |
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| <WRAP centeralign> | <WRAP centeralign> |
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| **Returnable product**\\ | **Returnable product**\\ |
| When the Soaksy is not working anymore, the customer can reach us via email or phone and we will pick it up for free. We will recycle the usable parts of the Soaksy and so be more sustainable. | When the Soaksy is not working anymore, the customer can reach the company via email or phone and the company will pick it up for free. The company will recycle the usable parts of the Soaksy and so be more sustainable. |
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| **Website**\\ | **Website**\\ |
| Using the website soaksy.com helps us to be visible for possible customers and owners of the Soaksy. We would like our website to contain the following topics: | Using the website soaksy.com helps us to be visible for possible customers and owners of the Soaksy. The website must contain the following topics: |
| * Information about Soaksy \\ Explains what the Soaksy does and convinces possible customers to buy the Soaksy. | * Information about Soaksy \\ Explains what the Soaksy does and convinces possible customers to buy the Soaksy. |
| * Information about the team \\ Introduces the team members and discusses our motivation to create the Soaksy. | * Information about the team \\ Introduces the team members and discusses our motivation to create the Soaksy. |
| * FAQ \\ The Frequently Ask Questions and their answers help customers to find an answer on our website to questions that are already asked by previous customers. | * FAQ \\ The Frequently Ask Questions and their answers help customers to find an answer on our website to questions that are already asked by previous customers. |
| * How to reach us (Email and phone number) | * How to reach us (Email and phone number) |
| If the question can not be found in the FAQ, the (possible) customer can reach us via email and phone. | If the question can not be found in the FAQ, the (possible) customer can reach via email and phone. |
| * Reviews | * Reviews |
| A customer can leave a review about the Soaksy. That way, possible customers can read the opinions of the Soaksy users. | A customer can leave a review about the Soaksy. That way, possible customers can read the opinions of the Soaksy users. |
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| **Continuous improvement** \\ | **Continuous improvement** \\ |
| For our Soaksy to stay marketable, we want to improve our Soaksy continuously. | For the product Soaksy to stay marketable, the company must improve the product continuously. |
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| ==== - People ==== | ==== - People ==== |
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| ==== - Communications ==== | ==== - Communications ==== |
| A project as multidisciplinary and diverse as what we are doing would be impossible without good communication. That is why it is necessary to ensure that all members have the opportunity to express their convictions (thus increasing positive discussions and diversity of opinion) and to ensure that the problems that arise during the project are properly addressed. Poor communication can worsen time management and deteriorate the relationship between team members. Communication is one of the pillars of a good project. \\ | A project as multidisciplinary and diverse as what the one being made, it would be impossible without good communication. That is why it is necessary to ensure that all members have the opportunity to express their convictions (thus increasing positive discussions and diversity of opinion) and to ensure that the problems that arise during the project are properly addressed. Poor communication can worsen time management and deteriorate the relationship between team members. Communication is one of the pillars of a good project. \\ |
| PMI recommends the definition of a Communication Management Plan, documenting communication methods, models, technologies and frequency [(pmi)]. According to the Project Management course, the Communication Management part should include : | PMI recommends the definition of a Communication Management Plan, documenting communication methods, models, technologies and frequency [(pmi)]. According to the Project Management course, the Communication Management part should include : |
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| It is useful to make a distinction between what is a danger and what is a risk: The danger indicates something that has the potential to cause damage, while the risk is the probability of damage occurring, based on exposure to that danger. \\ | It is useful to make a distinction between what is a danger and what is a risk: The danger indicates something that has the potential to cause damage, while the risk is the probability of damage occurring, based on exposure to that danger. \\ |
| In our project management classes, we have been taught how to manage risks and how the risk process can occur. These steps of risk creation/effects are illustrated in table {{ref>explanationtab}}. | In the project management classes, the team has been taught how to manage risks and how the risk process can occur. These steps of risk creation/effects are illustrated in table {{ref>explanationtab}}. |
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| <WRAP centeralign> | <WRAP centeralign> |
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| === - Technical Drawings === | === - Technical Drawings === |
| Figure {{ref>ftechnical}} displays the technical drawing for the actual product. Using a smaller pump, the prototype has a 1:2 scale. | Figure {{ref>ftechnical}} displays the technical drawing of the actual product. The prototype has a 1:2 scale. |
| | The main body's height goes up to 45 cm, and the maximum diameter, including the lower parts of the floaters, goes up to 40cm. |
| <WRAP centeralign> | <WRAP centeralign> |
| <figure ftechnical> | <figure ftechnical> |
| {{ :structural.jpg |}} | {{ :structural.jpg |}} |
| <caption>Technical Drawing </caption> | <caption>Technical Drawing </caption> |
| | </figure> |
| | </WRAP> |
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| | Figure {{ref>fstructuraldrafts}} displays the arrangement of the bolts, nuts, and washers for the product. |
| | <WRAP centeralign> |
| | <figure fstructuraldrafts> |
| | {{ :structural..jpg |}} |
| | <caption>Structural Drafts</caption> |
| </figure> | </figure> |
| </WRAP> | </WRAP> |
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| === - 3D model === | === - 3D model === |
| Figure {{ref>3dmodel}} displays the 3D concept for this project. | Figure {{ref>3dmodel}} displays the 3D model for this project. The figure shows all the components of the part that is going to be placed inside the water. |
| <WRAP centeralign> | <WRAP centeralign> |
| <figure 3dmodel> | <figure 3dmodel> |
| </WRAP> | </WRAP> |
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| === - Structural Drafts === | |
| Figure {{ref>fstructuraldrafts}} displays the Structural Drafts for this project. | |
| <WRAP centeralign> | |
| <figure fstructuraldrafts> | |
| {{ :structural..jpg |}} | |
| <caption>Structural Drafts</caption> | |
| </figure> | |
| </WRAP> | |
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| === - Electrical schematics === | === - Electrical schematics === |
| |Production|Can be machined, routed, lathe-worked, cut using similar techniques to woodworking, and can be formed using a process like compression-molding plastics|As with other thermoplastics, PET can be injection molded, extruded and, as the number of bottles demonstrates, blow-molded. It can also be calendered into sheets. |Compared to other steels, stainless steel is versatile in terms of processing – it can be folded, bent, forged, deep drawn, and rolled. Standard grades are difficult to machine because of the hardness of the material, although specific grades are available that are much easier to machine. As a result of this versatility, it is suited to production volumes ranging from one-off to mass production. |In its granular form, PMMA is a versatile thermoplastic that can be injection molded and extruded. It is also widely available in a range of semi-finished rods, tubes and particularly sheets.|In order to understand the processing of PU, the various forms need to be understood. As a thermoset material – foams – it is limited to reaction injection molding. As a TPU, it is suitable for a range of production methods, including injection molding, compression molding, casting, extrusion, and also spraying.|It is difficult to extrude due to its low viscosity but is well suited to standard injection moulding. It can be spun into fibres, extruded for multilayer films for bottles, and is capable of being filled with materials including glass fibres to enhance its properties. Plasticizers can be used to increase flexibility| | |Production|Can be machined, routed, lathe-worked, cut using similar techniques to woodworking, and can be formed using a process like compression-molding plastics|As with other thermoplastics, PET can be injection molded, extruded and, as the number of bottles demonstrates, blow-molded. It can also be calendered into sheets. |Compared to other steels, stainless steel is versatile in terms of processing – it can be folded, bent, forged, deep drawn, and rolled. Standard grades are difficult to machine because of the hardness of the material, although specific grades are available that are much easier to machine. As a result of this versatility, it is suited to production volumes ranging from one-off to mass production. |In its granular form, PMMA is a versatile thermoplastic that can be injection molded and extruded. It is also widely available in a range of semi-finished rods, tubes and particularly sheets.|In order to understand the processing of PU, the various forms need to be understood. As a thermoset material – foams – it is limited to reaction injection molding. As a TPU, it is suitable for a range of production methods, including injection molding, compression molding, casting, extrusion, and also spraying.|It is difficult to extrude due to its low viscosity but is well suited to standard injection moulding. It can be spun into fibres, extruded for multilayer films for bottles, and is capable of being filled with materials including glass fibres to enhance its properties. Plasticizers can be used to increase flexibility| |
| |Sustainability issues |Cork trees absorb up to five times more CO<sub>2</sub> than other trees while producing a new harvest of cork bark every nine years |In terms of the material, PETs represent one of the biggest areas of recycling, with the bottles being re-melted to make carpets, fibres, video cassette tape and as a filler for pillows and clothes: five two-liter PET bottles can yield enough fibrefill to make a ski jacket. PET is identified by the number 1 in the recycling symbol.|Recyclable.| Petroleum-based so not the most sustainable choice. However, PMMA can be reground, melted, and extruded into new products.| Low-temperature molding saves energy and is the most common form of reusing PU. Low-temperature molding is when the material is re-ground and bound together.|As a thermoplastic, it can be recycled; post-consumer PA is currently not recycled in large quantities but recycled postindustrial.| | |Sustainability issues |Cork trees absorb up to five times more CO<sub>2</sub> than other trees while producing a new harvest of cork bark every nine years |In terms of the material, PETs represent one of the biggest areas of recycling, with the bottles being re-melted to make carpets, fibres, video cassette tape and as a filler for pillows and clothes: five two-liter PET bottles can yield enough fibrefill to make a ski jacket. PET is identified by the number 1 in the recycling symbol.|Recyclable.| Petroleum-based so not the most sustainable choice. However, PMMA can be reground, melted, and extruded into new products.| Low-temperature molding saves energy and is the most common form of reusing PU. Low-temperature molding is when the material is re-ground and bound together.|As a thermoplastic, it can be recycled; post-consumer PA is currently not recycled in large quantities but recycled postindustrial.| |
| |Cost |Relatively inexpensive |1.46€ per kg |3.59€ per kg |2.86€ per kg|TPU: 2.86€ per kg.| 2.86€ per kg.| | |Cost |Relatively inexpensive |1.46 €/kg |3.59 €/kg |2.86 €/kg|TPU: 2.86 €/kg| 2.86€/kg| |
| |Source |Portugal is one of the world’s biggest exporters of cork and accounts for 60% of the world’s production, producing over 300.000 tonnes a year. Spain, Algeria, and Morocco are also large producers. |Widely available from multiple global suppliers in both virgin and recycled forms. |Widely available from multiple global suppliers.|Widely available from multiple global suppliers|Widely available from multiple global suppliers.|Widely available from multiple global suppliers.| | |Source |Portugal is one of the world’s biggest exporters of cork and accounts for 60% of the world’s production, producing over 300.000 tonnes a year. Spain, Algeria, and Morocco are also large producers. |Widely available from multiple global suppliers in both virgin and recycled forms. |Widely available from multiple global suppliers.|Widely available from multiple global suppliers|Widely available from multiple global suppliers.|Widely available from multiple global suppliers.| |
| |Key features|Poisson ratio of 0, Renewable, Biodegradable, Elastic, Vibration dampening, Shock dampening, Impermeable to liquids, Impermeable to gases, Good heat insulation|Excellent chemical resistance, Excellent dimensional stability, Tough and durable, Inexpensive, Excellent clarity, Good impact strength, Recyclable|Non-corrosive, Excellent toughness, Achieves a high polish, Difficult to cold work due to hardness, High-temperature resistance, High weight, High cost, Recyclable| Excellent clarity, Good hardness, Good stiffness, Resistant to weathering, Easy to color match, High print adhesion, Poor solvent resistance, Poor fatigue resistance, Recyclable| Excellent tensile strength, Excellent toughness, Excellent flexibility, Excellent abrasion resistance, Excellent cut resistance, Excellent chemical resistance, Good resistance to weathering, High flex life, Good impact strength, Generally not recyclable| Low friction, Excellent resistance to abrasion, High strength, High temperature resistance, Blends well with other materials, Poor moisture resistance, Limited chemical resistance, Recyclable| | |Key features|Poisson ratio of 0, Renewable, Biodegradable, Elastic, Vibration dampening, Shock dampening, Impermeable to liquids, Impermeable to gases, Good heat insulation|Excellent chemical resistance, Excellent dimensional stability, Tough and durable, Inexpensive, Excellent clarity, Good impact strength, Recyclable|Non-corrosive, Excellent toughness, Achieves a high polish, Difficult to cold work due to hardness, High-temperature resistance, High weight, High cost, Recyclable| Excellent clarity, Good hardness, Good stiffness, Resistant to weathering, Easy to color match, High print adhesion, Poor solvent resistance, Poor fatigue resistance, Recyclable| Excellent tensile strength, Excellent toughness, Excellent flexibility, Excellent abrasion resistance, Excellent cut resistance, Excellent chemical resistance, Good resistance to weathering, High flex life, Good impact strength, Generally not recyclable| Low friction, Excellent resistance to abrasion, High strength, High temperature resistance, Blends well with other materials, Poor moisture resistance, Limited chemical resistance, Recyclable| |
| </WRAP> | </WRAP> |
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| Despite its biodegradable and impermeable properties, cork cannot easily be assembled with other parts (made out of other materials, such as plastic or steel).\\ | Despite its biodegradable and impermeable properties, cork cannot be easily integrated with other parts (made out of other materials, such as plastic or steel).\\ |
| For the main body, PET is a good solution because it is tough, durable, and inexpensive. | For the main body, PET is a good solution because it is tough, durable, and inexpensive. |
| For the parts exposed to sun, one of the most UV resistant plastics would be used, Polymethyl Methacrylate, as known as acrylic, which is also one of the most common plastics used in outdoor applications. | For the parts exposed to the Sun, one of the most UV resistant plastics would be used. Polymethyl Methacrylate, known as acrylic, is one of the most common plastics used in outdoor applications. |
| When it comes to the metal components, stainless steel will be used, due to the environment where the product operates in. | When it comes to the metal components, stainless steel will be used, due to the product's environment. |
| For the mesh bag, one of the most used mesh filters is the one made out of nylon, and Soaksy will use the same. | The mesh bag is made out of nylon. |
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| In table {{ref>componentpicture}}, each non-electrical custom made component is described, along with its specifications. | In table {{ref>componentpicture}}, each non-electrical custom made component is described, along with its specifications. |
| <WRAP box 800px center> | <WRAP box 800px center> |
| ^ Component ^Material ^Mass ^Material cost ^Final price^ | ^ Component ^Material ^Mass ^Material cost ^Final price^ |
| | {{:corp.jpg?400|}} | PET | 11.91 kg | 1.46€ per kg| 17.38€ | | | {{:corp.jpg?400|}} | PET | 11.91 kg | 1.46 €/kg| 17.38 € | |
| | {{:bula.jpg?400|}} | PMMA | 0.81 kg x 3 | 2.86€ per kg| 6.94€ | | | {{:bula.jpg?400|}} | PMMA | 0.81 kg x 3 | 2.86 €/kg| 6.94 € | |
| | {{:suport.jpg?400|}} | PMMA | 0.06 kg | 2.86€ per kg| 0.17€ | | | {{:suport.jpg?400|}} | PMMA | 0.06 kg | 2.86 €/kg| 0.17 € | |
| | {{:cablu.jpg?400|}} | TPU | 0.58 kg | 2.86€ per kg| 1.65€ | | | {{:cablu.jpg?400|}} | TPU | 0.58 kg | 2.86 €/kg| 1.65 € | |
| |{{:inel_plasa.jpg?400|}} | PMMA | 0.63 kg | 2.86€ per kg| 1.80€ | | |{{:inel_plasa.jpg?400|}} | PMMA | 0.63 kg | 2.86 €/kg| 1.80 € | |
| |{{:etansare.jpg?400|}} | PU | 0.01 kg x 3 | 2.86€ per kg| 0.08€ | | |{{:etansare.jpg?400|}} | PU | 0.01 kg x 3 | 2.86 €/kg| 0.08 € | |
| |{{:inel_cauciuc.jpg?400|}} | PU | 0.09 kg | 2.86€ per kg| 0.25€ | | |{{:inel_cauciuc.jpg?400|}} | PU | 0.09 kg | 2.86 €/kg| 0.25 € | |
| |{{:steelbody.jpg?400|}} |Stainless Steel| 26kg | 3.59€ per kg| 93.34€ | | |{{:steelbody.jpg?400|}} |Stainless Steel| 26 kg | 3.59 €/kg| 93.34 € | |
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| <WRAP box 800px center> | <WRAP box 800px center> |
| ^ Component ^Material^Link ^Price per unit^ Final price^ | ^ Component ^Material^Link ^Price per unit^ Final price^ |
| |{{:bolt.jpg?400|}} {{:nut.jpg?400|}}| Stainless steel |[[https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Factory-price-stainless-steel-304-316_60658500131.html?spm=a2700.galleryofferlist.0.0.156c84e74utjVv|Bolt and nut]]| 0.03€| 0.45€| | |{{:bolt.jpg?400|}} {{:nut.jpg?400|}}| Stainless steel |[[https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Factory-price-stainless-steel-304-316_60658500131.html?spm=a2700.galleryofferlist.0.0.156c84e74utjVv|Bolt and nut]]| 0.03 €| 0.45 €| |
| |{{:spring.jpg?400|}}| Stainless steel| [[https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/helical-disc-M6-M10-M12-conical_1600055798583.html?spm=a2700.7724857.normalList.89.3bcd529dYJxXwv|Spring washer]]|0.02€| 0.30€| | |{{:spring.jpg?400|}}| Stainless steel| [[https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/helical-disc-M6-M10-M12-conical_1600055798583.html?spm=a2700.7724857.normalList.89.3bcd529dYJxXwv|Spring washer]]|0.02 €| 0.30 €| |
| |{{:washer.jpg?400|}}|Stainless steel| [[https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Stainless-steel-din-9021-M5-304_60815554551.html?spm=a2700.galleryofferlist.0.0.40a32428p1FuhF|Flat washer]]|0.02€| 0.6€| | |{{:washer.jpg?400|}}|Stainless steel| [[https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Stainless-steel-din-9021-M5-304_60815554551.html?spm=a2700.galleryofferlist.0.0.40a32428p1FuhF|Flat washer]]|0.02 €| 0.6 €| |
| |{{:plasa.jpg?400|}}|PMMA |[[https://www.amazon.com/Annie-Lightweight-Parrot-Fabric-18x54ParrotBl/dp/B072Z71VQH/ref=sr_1_7?dchild=1&keywords=nylon+mesh+netting&pd_rd_r=18c7b827-ec96-4eac-ac66-302fed4e3084&pd_rd_w=ludRT&pd_rd_wg=Na1pR&pf_rd_p=ff875a9e-7810-43da-bae9-ec4c363817ac&pf_rd_r=ZDBN1JCAM7QWJJ37EMPD&qid=1591919485&sr=8-7|Nylon mesh]]| 8€| 8€| | |{{:plasa.jpg?400|}}|PMMA |[[https://www.amazon.com/Annie-Lightweight-Parrot-Fabric-18x54ParrotBl/dp/B072Z71VQH/ref=sr_1_7?dchild=1&keywords=nylon+mesh+netting&pd_rd_r=18c7b827-ec96-4eac-ac66-302fed4e3084&pd_rd_w=ludRT&pd_rd_wg=Na1pR&pf_rd_p=ff875a9e-7810-43da-bae9-ec4c363817ac&pf_rd_r=ZDBN1JCAM7QWJJ37EMPD&qid=1591919485&sr=8-7|Nylon mesh]]| 8 €| 8 €| |
| |{{:sarma.jpg?400|}}|Stainless steel| [[https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32951847244.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.0.0.64497d698yPgMm&algo_pvid=5fbd5c9e-b69c-481f-95e6-6d85cd9bbc88&algo_expid=5fbd5c9e-b69c-481f-95e6-6d85cd9bbc88-11&btsid=0ab6f82315919948041317534e0d9c&ws_ab_test=searchweb0_0,searchweb201602_,searchweb201603_|Nylon mesh]]|6.85€/5 meters| 0.685€| | |{{:sarma.jpg?400|}}|Stainless steel| [[https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32951847244.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.0.0.64497d698yPgMm&algo_pvid=5fbd5c9e-b69c-481f-95e6-6d85cd9bbc88&algo_expid=5fbd5c9e-b69c-481f-95e6-6d85cd9bbc88-11&btsid=0ab6f82315919948041317534e0d9c&ws_ab_test=searchweb0_0,searchweb201602_,searchweb201603_|Nylon mesh]]|6.85 €/5 meters| 0.685 €| |
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| === - Fluid mechanics === | === - Fluid mechanics === |
| In the process of developing a product that operates in a lake, it is necessary that we consider the mechanics of fluids and the forces on them. | In the process of developing a product that operates in a lake, it is necessary to consider the mechanics of fluids and the relevant forces. |
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| == - Overview == | == - Overview == |
| Archimedes' principle states that any object, wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. | Archimedes' principle states that any object, wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. |
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| An object floats when the weight force on the object is balanced by the upward push of the water on the object. The upwards push of the water increases with the volume of the object that is underwater; it is not affected by the depth of the water or the amount of water. | An object floats when the weight force on the object is balanced by the upward force of the water on the object. The upwards force increases with the volume of the object that is underwater; it is not affected by the depth of the water or the amount of water. |
| If the weight force down is larger than the upward push of the water on the object then the object will sink. If the reverse is true then the object will rise. | If the weight force is larger than the upward push of the water on the object then the object will sink. If the reverse is true, then the object will rise above the waterline. |
| Different objects float at different levels in the water because as most regular objects are lowered into the surface of the water, the upward push of the water steadily increases until it is in balance with the weight force of the object, and the object then continues floating at this level with the two forces in balance. | Different objects float at different levels in the water because, as most regular objects enter the water, the upward push of the water steadily increases until it is in balance with the weight force of the object, and the object then continues floating at this level with the two forces in balance. |
| Many objects that are hollow (and so generally contain air) float because the hollow sections increase the volume of the object (and so the upwards push) for very little increase in weight force down. However, it is not necessary for an object to contain air in order to float. | Many objects that are hollow (and so generally contain air) float because the hollow sections increase the volume of the object (and so the upwards push) for very little increase in weight force down. |
| No object can float without some part of it being below the surface of the water[(floatingsinking)]. | No object can float without some part of it being below the surface of the water[(floatingsinking)]. |
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| If the water level stays at the very top of the inner bin, this implies that the overall weight of the bin is the same as the weight of the water that the bin displaces. | If the water level stays at the very top of the inner bin, this implies that the overall weight of the bin is the same as the weight of the water that the bin displaces. |
| The volume of displaced water consists of the volume of the body submerged, the volume that the pump occupies, and the volume of air inside the body (where the water is falling in like a waterfall). It will also be consider the last-mentioned volume because it is not desired to be filled with water, but with air, so it is also a volume of displaced water. | The volume of displaced water consists of the volume of the body submerged, the volume that the pump occupies, and the volume of air inside the body (where the water is falling in like a waterfall). This latter volume is considered because it is not desired to be filled with water, but with air, so it is also a volume of displaced water. |
| The volume of displaced water is around 47000000 mm<sup>3</sup>, so around 47 liters. The density of water changes with temperature and, very slightly, with pressure. However, its density is approximately 1 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, meaning that 47 liters are equal to 47kg. | The volume of displaced water is around 47 000 000 mm<sup>3</sup>, so around 47 liters. The density of water changes with temperature and, very slightly, with pressure. However, its density is approximately 1 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, meaning that 47 liters are equal to 47 kg. |
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| These 47kg need to be balanced by a body that weighs 47kg. Without an extra weight to balance this, the product weighs around 16.5kg. By adding a small body of water that would allow the pump not to run dry, another 4.5kg is added. To balance the remaining mass, a 26kg body of steel is added to the bottom of the body. | These 47 kg need to be balanced by an equal weight. Without an extra weight to balance this, the product weighs around 16.5 kg. By adding a small body of water that would allow the pump not to run dry, another 4.5 kg is added. To balance the remaining mass, a 26kg body of steel is added to the bottom of the body. |
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