EPS@ISEP | The European Project Semester (EPS) at ISEP

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report [2020/06/16 11:35] – team1report [2021/03/23 10:55] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 |l/hour     |Liters per hour | |l/hour     |Liters per hour |
 |LED     |Light emitting diode | |LED     |Light emitting diode |
 +|Mbps    |Megabit per second |
 |MCU     |Microcontroller unit| |MCU     |Microcontroller unit|
 |MOSFET  |Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor| |MOSFET  |Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor|
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 ===== - Introduction ===== ===== - Introduction =====
 The European Project Semester (EPS) is a program during which students from different countries with different academic backgrounds are developing a new product. The European Project Semester (EPS) is a program during which students from different countries with different academic backgrounds are developing a new product.
-In the first chapter, we will present the team members and will go more into detail about the problem and our goal to solve it.+In the first chapter, will present the team members will be present and will go more into detail about the problem and our goal to solve it.
 ==== - Presentation ==== ==== - Presentation ====
  
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 ==== - Functional Tests ==== ==== - Functional Tests ====
  
-A set of tests is required in order to verify all the aspects that we need to accomplish, such as mechanical, electrical, and software concerns, described in Table {{ref>FunctionalTests}}.+A set of tests is required in order to verify all the aspects that need to be accomplish, such as mechanical, electrical, and software concerns, described in Table {{ref>FunctionalTests}}.
  
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 ==== - Conclusion ==== ==== - Conclusion ====
-Based on this study of the state of the art, the team decided to adopt the technique of the water bin to collect floating trash because we think we can make it cheaper and easier to use than existing competitors on the market.+The already existing products can be  divided into three types.  
 +The first type is the water bin represented by the Seabin Project. A water bin is a small product that stays in place and uses a pump to suck water and debris into it. 
 +The second type is the water robot, represented by the WasteShark . A water robot is a small moving product that collects trash by pushing the trash to one location. 
 +Thirdly is the barrier with a trash collector represented by the  Mr. Trash Wheel. A barrier with a trash collector is a static big product that uses the flow of the river and the barriers to collect trash.
  
-To further specify our product, we present a pros and cons list in Table {{ref>prosandcons}}.+Considering that the places closest to the populations will be the ones that are most polluted, a water bin or water bot type product would be the ideal implementation for lakes and community ponds, with the advantage of these places being of static water, which in turn would make the product easier to install and maintain, when compared to dynamic water places where the barrier type products with collector operate. 
 +Static water products also have the advantage of lower production costs, as they are smaller than dynamic water products. With the smaller size also comes the advantage of having less visual impact on the environment. 
 +But among static water products the water bin type stands out for its energy efficiency as it does not spend energy moving when collecting floating waste, as the water robot type operates. With the benefit of greater energy efficiency also comes greater uptime, since the water bin type can be powered by ground power, including from renewable sources, while the water robot type depends on batteries to operate. 
 + 
 +The conclusion is that the best choice for a floating waste collector would be a water bin type product.  Furthermore, the team is confident that its solution would be cheaper and easier to use than the existing water bins. 
 + 
 +To further specify the product, a study was carried out to determine the best solution for the power supply as well as the location of the water pump required for a water bin project. The results can be seen in Table {{ref>prosandcons}}.
  
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 ^ ^Pros ^Cons^   ^ ^Pros ^Cons^  
-|Power from the power Grid|We are sure it is going to support any pump; The Grid may have a big percentage of renewable energy |Dependent of the Grid, with all the consequences it comes with; Can't be used in remote areas|  +|Power from the power Grid|Support any pump; The Grid may have a big percentage of renewable energy |Dependent of the Grid, with all the consequences it comes with; Can't be used in remote areas|  
 |Power from renewable source|Sustainable source; Independent from the Grid  |More expensive; More constraints on the pump rating|    |Power from renewable source|Sustainable source; Independent from the Grid  |More expensive; More constraints on the pump rating|   
 |Pump in water| Compact design |Adds instability to the product; less powerful; more weight on the final product|  |Pump in water| Compact design |Adds instability to the product; less powerful; more weight on the final product| 
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 +In conclusion of the study of the power supply and location of the water pump, it is concluded that the best solution would be a hybrid power supply, using power grid and renewable energy, and a submersible water pump.
  
 ===== - Project Management ===== ===== - Project Management =====
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   * 2020-06-23 Demo of prototype or 3D model, simulation and companion applications   * 2020-06-23 Demo of prototype or 3D model, simulation and companion applications
  
-Based on the WBS in Figure {{ref>fwbs}} and the deadlines, we created the Gantt Chart as seen in Figure {{ref>fgantt}} below. This Gantt Chart uses the six stages as shown in the WBS (Figure {{ref>fwbs}}) instead of using all the tasks, because with all the tasks in it, the Gantt Chart would look to complex and unusable. During every stage, the team continues working on the report. Furthermore, also the holidays are visible in pale pink and the weekends in pale grey. +Based on the WBS in Figure {{ref>fwbs}} and the deadlines, the Gantt Chart was created, as seen in Figure {{ref>fgantt}} below. This Gantt Chart uses the six stages as shown in the WBS (Figure {{ref>fwbs}}) instead of using all the tasks, because with all the tasks in it, the Gantt Chart would look to complex and unusable. During every stage, the team continues working on the report. Furthermore, also the holidays are visible in pale pink and the weekends in pale grey. 
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 ==== - Cost ==== ==== - Cost ====
-In this section the planned and effective costs of the project are documented. First, we look into the costs for the materials and components of our prototype and secondly, the costs of labor.+In this section the planned and effective costs of the project are documented. First, look into the costs for the materials and components of our prototype and secondly, the costs of labor.
  
 ===  3.4.1. Material costs === ===  3.4.1. Material costs ===
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 ===  3.4.2. Labor costs === ===  3.4.2. Labor costs ===
-As EPS students, we do not have income. But it is interesting to see what the labor costs will be, if we decide to establish an actual company after the EPS. The average nominal wage in Portugal is €1188.06 per month [(temonthlywage)]. Being a start-up, we did not earn profit yet. That is why the monthly wage of our employees will be lower than the average nominal wage in Portugal, for the first year at least. Each of our employees will earn €1000 per month in the first year. The labor costs for the first year is shown in Table {{ref>labcosttab}}. The labour costs for the first year of our start-up will be €60,000.+As EPS students, the team does not have income. But it is interesting to see what the labor costs will be, if the team decides to establish an actual company after the EPS. The average nominal wage in Portugal is €1188.06 per month [(temonthlywage)]. Being a start-up, the company does not earn profit yet. That is why the monthly wage of our employees will be lower than the average nominal wage in Portugal, for the first year at least. Each of our employees will earn €1000 per month in the first year. The labor costs for the first year is shown in Table {{ref>labcosttab}}. The labour costs for the first year of our start-up will be €60,000.
  
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 **Returnable product**\\ **Returnable product**\\
-When the Soaksy is not working anymore, the customer can reach us via email or phone and we will pick it up for free. We will recycle the usable parts of the Soaksy and so be more sustainable. +When the Soaksy is not working anymore, the customer can reach the company via email or phone and the company will pick it up for free. The company will recycle the usable parts of the Soaksy and so be more sustainable. 
  
 **Website**\\ **Website**\\
-Using the website soaksy.com helps us to be visible for possible customers and owners of the Soaksy. We would like our website to contain  the following topics: +Using the website soaksy.com helps us to be visible for possible customers and owners of the Soaksy. The website must contain the following topics: 
   * Information about Soaksy \\ Explains what the Soaksy does and convinces possible customers to buy the Soaksy.   * Information about Soaksy \\ Explains what the Soaksy does and convinces possible customers to buy the Soaksy.
   * Information about the team \\ Introduces the team members and discusses our motivation to create the Soaksy.    * Information about the team \\ Introduces the team members and discusses our motivation to create the Soaksy. 
   * FAQ \\ The Frequently Ask Questions and their answers help customers to find an answer on our website to questions that are already asked by previous customers.   * FAQ \\ The Frequently Ask Questions and their answers help customers to find an answer on our website to questions that are already asked by previous customers.
   * How to reach us (Email and phone number)   * How to reach us (Email and phone number)
-If the question can not be found in the FAQ, the (possible) customer can reach us via email and phone.+If the question can not be found in the FAQ, the (possible) customer can reach via email and phone.
   * Reviews   * Reviews
 A customer can leave a review about the Soaksy. That way, possible customers can read the opinions of the Soaksy users. A customer can leave a review about the Soaksy. That way, possible customers can read the opinions of the Soaksy users.
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 **Continuous improvement** \\  **Continuous improvement** \\ 
-For our Soaksy to stay marketable, we want to improve our Soaksy continuously.+For the product Soaksy to stay marketable, the company must improve the product continuously.
  
 ==== - People ==== ==== - People ====
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 ==== - Communications ==== ==== - Communications ====
-A project as multidisciplinary and diverse as what we are doing would be impossible without good communication. That is why it is necessary to ensure that all members have the opportunity to express their convictions (thus increasing positive discussions and diversity of opinion) and to ensure that the problems that arise during the project are properly addressed. Poor communication can worsen time management and deteriorate the relationship between team members. Communication is one of the pillars of a good project. \\+A project as multidisciplinary and diverse as what the one being made, it would be impossible without good communication. That is why it is necessary to ensure that all members have the opportunity to express their convictions (thus increasing positive discussions and diversity of opinion) and to ensure that the problems that arise during the project are properly addressed. Poor communication can worsen time management and deteriorate the relationship between team members. Communication is one of the pillars of a good project. \\
 PMI recommends the definition of a Communication Management Plan, documenting communication methods, models, technologies and frequency [(pmi)]. According to the Project Management course, the Communication Management part should include : PMI recommends the definition of a Communication Management Plan, documenting communication methods, models, technologies and frequency [(pmi)]. According to the Project Management course, the Communication Management part should include :
  
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 It is useful to make a distinction between what is a danger and what is a risk: The danger indicates something that has the potential to cause damage, while the risk is the probability of damage occurring, based on exposure to that danger. \\ It is useful to make a distinction between what is a danger and what is a risk: The danger indicates something that has the potential to cause damage, while the risk is the probability of damage occurring, based on exposure to that danger. \\
-In our project management classes, we have been taught how to manage risks and how the risk process can occur. These steps of risk creation/effects are illustrated in table {{ref>explanationtab}}.+In the project management classes, the team has been taught how to manage risks and how the risk process can occur. These steps of risk creation/effects are illustrated in table {{ref>explanationtab}}.
  
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 ==== - Conclusion ==== ==== - Conclusion ====
-Based on this market analysis, the team decides to create a floating trash collector intended for governments and people interested in reversing the current water pollution situation. We have defined the main strategic objectives and analysed the possible threats and opportunities to develop our product and predict future issues. This is why the team decided to create Soaksy by using recycled materials and using renewable energy, which gives an extra value that is appreciated by customers and positions the Soaksy brand high above its competitors. Our positioning strategy is aimed at obtaining an attractive product that stands out for its low price and efficiency. It is a product that does not need a high power supply and requires little maintenance. To promote our product, we invest in social media advertising to attract potential customers who want to participate and contribute to our project. +Based on this market analysis, the team decides to create a floating trash collector intended for governments and people interested in reversing the current water pollution situation. the team have defined the main strategic objectives and analysed the possible threats and opportunities to develop our product and predict future issues. This is why the team decided to create Soaksy by using recycled materials and using renewable energy, which gives an extra value that is appreciated by customers and positions the Soaksy brand high above its competitors. Our positioning strategy is aimed at obtaining an attractive product that stands out for its low price and efficiency. It is a product that does not need a high power supply and requires little maintenance. To promote the product, the team will invest in social media advertising to attract potential customers who want to participate and contribute to our project. 
  
-In the next chapter, we will study the necessary sustainable measures to take into account in our product. +In the next chapter, study the necessary sustainable measures to take into account in the product will be studied. 
  
 ===== - Eco-efficiency Measures for Sustainability ===== ===== - Eco-efficiency Measures for Sustainability =====
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 Environmental sustainability is the rate of use of renewable resources, avoid using non-renewable resources and create as little pollution as possible. If resources cannot be used indefinitely, then they are not sustainable. When all three pillars of sustainability are solid, people live in a system where high quality life is the norm. They have a clean and healthy environment, a decent level of economic well-being and a solid level of social achievement [(sus)]. Environmental sustainability is the rate of use of renewable resources, avoid using non-renewable resources and create as little pollution as possible. If resources cannot be used indefinitely, then they are not sustainable. When all three pillars of sustainability are solid, people live in a system where high quality life is the norm. They have a clean and healthy environment, a decent level of economic well-being and a solid level of social achievement [(sus)].
 Therefore, in accordance with the above reasons, it was essential for this project to use environmentally friendly and respectful materials, such as natural materials or materials that could be easily recycled/reused. However, the materials used shall meet the characteristics required to withstand moisture.\\ Therefore, in accordance with the above reasons, it was essential for this project to use environmentally friendly and respectful materials, such as natural materials or materials that could be easily recycled/reused. However, the materials used shall meet the characteristics required to withstand moisture.\\
-The lakes and ponds that exist in urban spaces are places where the effects of pollution are easy to reach, but it is not so easy to remove. With our project we intend to tackle this specific problem by implementing a system that collects waste on the surface of these same lakes.\\+The lakes and ponds that exist in urban spaces are places where the effects of pollution are easy to reach, but it is not so easy to remove. The project is intended to tackle this specific problem by implementing a system that collects waste on the surface of these same lakes.\\
 The team decided to feed Soaksy also with a solar panel, as well as with traditional methods, making it a hybrid product and usable in adverse weather conditions. The solar panel absorbs sunlight as a source of energy to generate electricity or heat. Abundant solar energy in all countries of the world. From the point of view of energy security and sustainability, it seems logical to make the most of available solar energy technologies, and when not available Soaksy can continue to clean the lakes, minimizing greenhouse gas emissions and the use of non-renewable sources. The team decided to feed Soaksy also with a solar panel, as well as with traditional methods, making it a hybrid product and usable in adverse weather conditions. The solar panel absorbs sunlight as a source of energy to generate electricity or heat. Abundant solar energy in all countries of the world. From the point of view of energy security and sustainability, it seems logical to make the most of available solar energy technologies, and when not available Soaksy can continue to clean the lakes, minimizing greenhouse gas emissions and the use of non-renewable sources.
 ==== - Economical ==== ==== - Economical ====
 Economic sustainability is the ability of an economy to sustain indefinitely a certain level of economic production. In a sustainable economy, growth strengthens competitiveness, nature protection and the reduction of environmental impact. Nowadays, society does not respect the environment, most countries in the developed world simply pollute and eventually ruin in the name of profit, for example when a company has a high pollutant factor it can pay more taxes to get everything back on track. This solution is economically advantageous but disastrous for the environment.\\ Economic sustainability is the ability of an economy to sustain indefinitely a certain level of economic production. In a sustainable economy, growth strengthens competitiveness, nature protection and the reduction of environmental impact. Nowadays, society does not respect the environment, most countries in the developed world simply pollute and eventually ruin in the name of profit, for example when a company has a high pollutant factor it can pay more taxes to get everything back on track. This solution is economically advantageous but disastrous for the environment.\\
-We intend to use local materials, if possible recycled materials, that comply with environmental regulations.\\ +The team intends to use local materials, if possible recycled materials, that comply with environmental regulations.\\ 
 Our team has decided to focus (in addition to GDP) also on the environment trying not to weigh on it, creating a product (Soaksy) that cleans lakes from floating garbage and hopes to help create a common environmental awareness. Our team has decided to focus (in addition to GDP) also on the environment trying not to weigh on it, creating a product (Soaksy) that cleans lakes from floating garbage and hopes to help create a common environmental awareness.
 ==== - Social ==== ==== - Social ====
-Although for most people sustainable development only means nature protection, a further pillar of this concept was the social dimension. The social dimension is focused on improving social equality. If we all make a small effort towards sustainability we will also benefit from it, for example a cleaner air or being able to swim in the clean lake near home.\\+Although for most people sustainable development only means nature protection, a further pillar of this concept was the social dimension. The social dimension is focused on improving social equality. If all make a small effort towards sustainability everyone will also benefit from it, for example a cleaner air or being able to swim in the clean lake near home.\\
 The Soaksy is also meant to be an educational tool, reminding people that such a product is necessary because there is garbage to remove in the first place. The Soaksy is also meant to be an educational tool, reminding people that such a product is necessary because there is garbage to remove in the first place.
 \\ \\
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 === - Environmental Management System (EMS) === === - Environmental Management System (EMS) ===
 An EMS is defined as the organizational structure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes, and resources for implementing and managing an organization’s environmental affairs while ensuring conformity to its policies, standards, and stakeholders’ expectations.\\  An EMS is defined as the organizational structure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes, and resources for implementing and managing an organization’s environmental affairs while ensuring conformity to its policies, standards, and stakeholders’ expectations.\\ 
-We decided to use this system as it can help identify where eco-efficiency opportunities occur within a company [(WBCSDeco)].+The team decided to use this system as it can help identify where eco-efficiency opportunities occur within a company [(WBCSDeco)].
  
  
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 The materials to be used must respect existing environmental regulations and make use of local resources.  The materials to be used must respect existing environmental regulations and make use of local resources. 
  
-An optimal source of resources will be recycled materials, such as HDPE plastic, the plastic most used with food products and the most easily recyclable. +An optimal source of resources will be recycled materials, such as PET plastic, the plastic most used with food products, and the most easily recyclable. 
  
 As far as electronic components are concerned, it would be ideal to make agreements with local manufacturers and stores in order to have the cheapest possible material remaining local.  As far as electronic components are concerned, it would be ideal to make agreements with local manufacturers and stores in order to have the cheapest possible material remaining local. 
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 At the end of the product's life, the user should contact us to collect the product at no cost to the user.  At the end of the product's life, the user should contact us to collect the product at no cost to the user. 
  
-With the product we would use all recyclable materials to turn into resources for new products. +With the product, the team would use all recyclable materials to turn into resources for new products. 
  
 The electrical materials would be reconditioned for new products if possible.  The electrical materials would be reconditioned for new products if possible. 
  
-With all non-recyclable and non-repairable materials, we would dispense according to the regulations. +With all non-recyclable and non-repairable materials, it would be dispense according to the regulations. 
 ==== - Sustainability report ==== ==== - Sustainability report ====
 Sustainability report is defined as an organizational report that gives information about economical, environmental and social performance. Our team has a preference for independent researchers investigating Soaksy's sustainability. An independent study shows more transparency towards the (future) customer. Our sustainability report will contain the following topics. Sustainability report is defined as an organizational report that gives information about economical, environmental and social performance. Our team has a preference for independent researchers investigating Soaksy's sustainability. An independent study shows more transparency towards the (future) customer. Our sustainability report will contain the following topics.
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   * Plan to improve Soaksy's reusability.   * Plan to improve Soaksy's reusability.
 ==== - Conclusion ==== ==== - Conclusion ====
-Based on the sustainable study carried out, the team chose to use stainless steel for the rigid structures and HDPE plastic for the waste container. +Based on the sustainable study carried out, the team chose to use stainless steel for the rigid structures and PET plastic for the waste container. 
 These materials are easy to recycle and have a long lasting effect, two essential characteristics for our product. These materials are easy to recycle and have a long lasting effect, two essential characteristics for our product.
  
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 Ethical and deontological concerns are influencing the entire society more and more. They are major key factors in each company. By neglecting these factors and counting them as irrelevant, it can affect a business very negatively. In this era of social media, all kinds of news spread quickly. Especially negative news. A morally wrong case can have a great relevance worldwide, and very quickly impact on the reputation of the involved company. When this happens people lose confidence in society and this could degenerate into a decline in sales and stock market. Therefore, general ethical and deontological concerns should not be overlooked, as these could become key factors in a business relapse. Ethical and deontological concerns are influencing the entire society more and more. They are major key factors in each company. By neglecting these factors and counting them as irrelevant, it can affect a business very negatively. In this era of social media, all kinds of news spread quickly. Especially negative news. A morally wrong case can have a great relevance worldwide, and very quickly impact on the reputation of the involved company. When this happens people lose confidence in society and this could degenerate into a decline in sales and stock market. Therefore, general ethical and deontological concerns should not be overlooked, as these could become key factors in a business relapse.
  
-In this chapter we will analyse the five main ethical and deontological concerns. These are ethical issues of engineering, sales and marketing, academic concerns, environmental impacts and responsibilities. It is essential to pay equal attention to every principle. These ethical concerns must be respected in order to provide the highest quality and to protect the environment, customers, workers and maintain the reputation of the company.+In this chapter there will be analyse the five main ethical and deontological concerns. These are ethical issues of engineering, sales and marketing, academic concerns, environmental impacts and responsibilities. It is essential to pay equal attention to every principle. These ethical concerns must be respected in order to provide the highest quality and to protect the environment, customers, workers and maintain the reputation of the company.
 ==== - Engineering Ethics ====  ==== - Engineering Ethics ==== 
 Engineers have a great impact on the lives of the people on this planet. The people working in this sector are involved in the design, analysis and construction of infrastructures, machines, devices, etc. which condition the quality of life and health of the people who use them during their daily lives. It is therefore very important that these professionals behave in a good ethical and moral way. \\ Engineers have a great impact on the lives of the people on this planet. The people working in this sector are involved in the design, analysis and construction of infrastructures, machines, devices, etc. which condition the quality of life and health of the people who use them during their daily lives. It is therefore very important that these professionals behave in a good ethical and moral way. \\
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    * Ethics should be discussed openly and honestly in all marketing decisions.    * Ethics should be discussed openly and honestly in all marketing decisions.
  
-Our team wants to make sure that the customer’s wishes and expectations are met. As a team we also want our Soaksy to have a fair price. This means that the price should cover all the costs we have made and also provide a profit for society. But it also means that customers can see where the price comes from and that they agree that they get the value for their money. Even if the goal is to keep the price as low as possible, we want the ecological footprint to be as small as possible. This will lead to the increase in the selling price, but it will provide added value to the product.+The team wants to make sure that the customer’s wishes and expectations are met, with a fair price. This means that the price should cover all the costs and also provide a profit for society. But it also means that customers can see where the price comes from and that they agree that they get the value for their money. Even if the goal is to keep the price as low as possible, the ecological footprint will be as small as possible. This will lead to the increase in the selling price, but it will provide added value to the product.
  
  
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   * **Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive** (2004/108/EC 2004-12-15): This Directive regulates side effects between electronic components that interface with each other. These side effects may be electromagnetic radiation or fields in the vicinity of electronic components. The Directive provides that "the electromagnetic disturbances generated shall not exceed the level above which radio and telecommunication equipment (…) cannot operate" [(emc)]. All equipment generating electricity emissions in Soaksy must be CE marked.   * **Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive** (2004/108/EC 2004-12-15): This Directive regulates side effects between electronic components that interface with each other. These side effects may be electromagnetic radiation or fields in the vicinity of electronic components. The Directive provides that "the electromagnetic disturbances generated shall not exceed the level above which radio and telecommunication equipment (…) cannot operate" [(emc)]. All equipment generating electricity emissions in Soaksy must be CE marked.
  
-  * **Low Voltage Directive** (2014/35/EU 2016-04-20): Concerns the health and safety risks of electrical equipment with an input or output voltage of 50 V and 1000 V for AC and 75 V and 1500 V for DC [(lvd)]. The Directive covers electrical equipment with a supply or output voltage between 50 and 1000 V for alternating current (AC) or between 75 and 1500 volts for direct current (DC). It is important to underline that this Directive does not cover tensions within products, provided that the consumer cannot access them without using suitable tools; so if there are tensions bigger than these parameters within Soaksy, we must prevent the consumer from being able to access it unknowingly, covering these parts in such a way that we can only access them with appropriate tools and signalling the risk of electric shock on the surface of the enclosure.+  * **Low Voltage Directive** (2014/35/EU 2016-04-20): Concerns the health and safety risks of electrical equipment with an input or output voltage of 50 V and 1000 V for AC and 75 V and 1500 V for DC [(lvd)]. The Directive covers electrical equipment with a supply or output voltage between 50 and 1000 V for alternating current (AC) or between 75 and 1500 volts for direct current (DC). It is important to underline that this Directive does not cover tensions within products, provided that the consumer cannot access them without using suitable tools; so if there are tensions bigger than these parameters within Soaksy, it must prevent the consumer from being able to access it unknowingly, covering these parts in such a way that it can only access them with appropriate tools and signalling the risk of electric shock on the surface of the enclosure.
  
-  * **Radio Equipment Directive** (2014/53/EU 2014-04-16): Soaksy is an "electrical product (…), which intentionally emits and/or receives radio waves for radio communication and/or radiodetermination purposes" [(red)]. For Soaksy we will build radio equipment ourselves, but we will use equipment already designed and built that are CE marked so as to be sure to insert a safe and usable throughout the EU.+  * **Radio Equipment Directive** (2014/53/EU 2014-04-16): Soaksy is an "electrical product (…), which intentionally emits and/or receives radio waves for radio communication and/or radiodetermination purposes" [(red)]. For Soaksy, it will be build radio equipment by the team, but it will also be used equipment already designed and built that are CE marked so as to be sure to insert a safe and usable throughout the EU.
  
   * **Restriction of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive** (2002/95/EC 2003-01-27): Prohibition of the use of lead phthalate, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ether, bis(2-ethylhexyl), butyl [(rohs)]. All the components that will form electric and electronic Soaksy will have to be CE marked in order to avoid that the percentage of dangerous substances within them comply with the legislation.   * **Restriction of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive** (2002/95/EC 2003-01-27): Prohibition of the use of lead phthalate, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ether, bis(2-ethylhexyl), butyl [(rohs)]. All the components that will form electric and electronic Soaksy will have to be CE marked in order to avoid that the percentage of dangerous substances within them comply with the legislation.
  
-Another fundamental point regarding the liability of our team is the trademark we are creating, we should protect it and protect ourselves from misuse of our trademark, by registering it. Registration provides legal certainty and strengthens the position of the right holder, for example in the event of litigation[(wipo)].+Another fundamental point regarding the liability of the team is the created trademark, that should protect it and protect the team from misuse of our trademark, by registering it. Registration provides legal certainty and strengthens the position of the right holder, for example in the event of litigation[(wipo)].
 ==== - Conclusion ==== ==== - Conclusion ====
 Based on this ethical and deontological analysis, the team chooses to focus on efficiency and high standards for each stage of the production process. The team chooses to work with sustainable materials and suppliers that guarantee adequate pay and rights to their workers. Advertising of the product must be truthful and lead to a sense of community for the protection and conservation of the lakes and the environment in general. The sales and marketing of the product should have the smallest possible ecological footprint, for example by using less polluting shipping methods. The team has decided that in the event of a malfunction in Soaksy, the product can be returned to the factory. Here the Soaksy will be repaired and the usable parts will be recycled. Soaksy will receive a two-year warranty. Based on this ethical and deontological analysis, the team chooses to focus on efficiency and high standards for each stage of the production process. The team chooses to work with sustainable materials and suppliers that guarantee adequate pay and rights to their workers. Advertising of the product must be truthful and lead to a sense of community for the protection and conservation of the lakes and the environment in general. The sales and marketing of the product should have the smallest possible ecological footprint, for example by using less polluting shipping methods. The team has decided that in the event of a malfunction in Soaksy, the product can be returned to the factory. Here the Soaksy will be repaired and the usable parts will be recycled. Soaksy will receive a two-year warranty.
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 ==== - Introduction ==== ==== - Introduction ====
-After research on the state of the art, the project managment, marketing, sustainability and ethical considerations, we want to show the steps we have followed to make and produce our prototype. In this chapter we will explain the development of the project, starting with the black box to show the overall structure of the system in the most general way possible. After you can see the architecture with the cardboard model, structural drawings with the final design and electrical diagrams of the details.+After research on the state of the art, the project managment, marketing, sustainability and ethical considerations, it is showed the steps followed to make and produce our prototype. In this chapter it will be explain the development of the project, starting with the black box to show the overall structure of the system in the most general way possible. After you can see the architecture with the cardboard model, structural drawings with the final design and electrical diagrams of the details.
 ==== - Architecture ==== ==== - Architecture ====
  
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 </figure> </figure>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
-The water goes into the system like a waterfall movement, the pump empties the water that gets inside, and the trash is collected into the container.\\ +The water flows the system in a waterfall movement, with the pump extracting the water that gets inside, and the trash accumulating the container.\\ 
-With the water in the container, the system uses sensors to measure the level of the waste and level of water inside the bin. \\+The system uses sensors to measure the of the waste and level of the water inside the bin. \\
 The waste level status and motor state is presented to the user via a webpage.\\ The waste level status and motor state is presented to the user via a webpage.\\
-Finally, the water is expelled from the water pump into the lake again, passing through a temperature sensor that monitors the pump motor.\\+Finally, the water expelled by the water pump is returned to the lake again, passing through a temperature sensor that monitors the pump motor. When the sensor detects a temperature above 30 °C the system is programmed to switch off the engine. The 30 °C temperature limit is set by the water level sensor, which after this temperature can damage this sensor.\\
  
 === - Technical Drawings === === - Technical Drawings ===
-Figure {{ref>ftechnical}} displays the technical drawing for the actual product. Using a smaller pump, the prototype has a 1:2 scale.+Figure {{ref>ftechnical}} displays the technical drawing of the actual product. The prototype has a 1:2 scale. 
 +The main body's height goes up to 45 cm, and the maximum diameter, including the lower parts of the floaters, goes up to 40cm. 
 <WRAP centeralign> <WRAP centeralign>
 <figure ftechnical> <figure ftechnical>
 {{ :structural.jpg |}} {{ :structural.jpg |}}
 <caption>Technical Drawing </caption> <caption>Technical Drawing </caption>
 +</figure>
 +</WRAP>
 +
 +Figure {{ref>fstructuraldrafts}} displays the arrangement of the bolts, nuts, and washers for the product. 
 +<WRAP centeralign>
 +<figure fstructuraldrafts>
 +{{ :structural..jpg |}}
 +<caption>Structural Drafts</caption>
 </figure> </figure>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
 === - 3D model === === - 3D model ===
-Figure {{ref>3dmodel}} displays the 3D concept for this project. +Figure {{ref>3dmodel}} displays the 3D model for this project. The figure shows all the components of the part that is going to be placed inside the water.
 <WRAP centeralign> <WRAP centeralign>
 <figure 3dmodel> <figure 3dmodel>
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 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-=== - Structural Drafts === 
-Figure {{ref>fstructuraldrafts}} displays the Structural Drafts for this project.  
-<WRAP centeralign> 
-<figure fstructuraldrafts> 
-{{ :structural..jpg |}} 
-<caption>Structural Drafts</caption> 
-</figure> 
-</WRAP> 
  
 === - Electrical schematics === === - Electrical schematics ===
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 In the case of the photovoltaic panel it is necessary to have a converter that regulates the voltage and in the case of feeding with the grid it is necessary to convert AC from the grid to DC that the system will use.  In the case of the photovoltaic panel it is necessary to have a converter that regulates the voltage and in the case of feeding with the grid it is necessary to convert AC from the grid to DC that the system will use. 
  
-These two ways have as output a voltage of 12 V DC and a schottky diode as protection against electric current reversal. +These two ways have as output a voltage of 12 V DC and a Schottky diode as protection against electric current reversal. 
  
-This output will supply two converters, one from 12 V to 3.3 V and another to 5 V and will also supply the water pump motor. +This output will supply two converters, one from 12 V to 3.3 V and another from 12 V to 5 V, and will also supply the water pump motor. 
  
-The 3.3 V converter will supply the microcontroller, temperature sensor,  water level sensor and part of logic level converter while the 5 V converter will supply another part of the logic level converter and the distance sensor that indicates the garbage level in the container. +The 3.3 V converter will supply the microcontroller, temperature sensor,  water level sensor and part of logic level converter, while the 5 V converter will supply the other part of the logic level converter and the distance sensor, which measures the garbage level in the container. 
  
-The distance sensor has the particularity of requiring said logic level converter on the trigger and echo pins to interface with the microprocessor. +The distance sensor has the particularity of requiring a logic level converter on the trigger and echo pins to interface with the microprocessor. 
  
-The microprocessor also interfaces with the water pump motor via the MOSFET, with a schottky diode for inductance surge protection. The user can switch off the engine using an analog switch. +The microprocessor also interfaces with the water pump motor via a MOSFET, with a Schottky diode for inductance surge protection. The user can switch off the engine using an analog switch. 
  
 ==== - Components ==== ==== - Components ====
-In this chapter, we will proceed with the study, research, and consequent decision of the materials to be used in the theoretical implementation of the prototype. +In this chapter, it will be proceed with the study, research, and selection decision of the materials to be used in the theoretical implementation of the prototype. 
  
 This chapter is in line with the conclusions reached in previous chapters. This chapter is in line with the conclusions reached in previous chapters.
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 <WRAP box 800px center> <WRAP box 800px center>
 ^      ^ Cork     ^ PET    ^Stainless steel     ^ Acrylic (PMMA)^ PU/TPU^ Nylon (PA)^ ^      ^ Cork     ^ PET    ^Stainless steel     ^ Acrylic (PMMA)^ PU/TPU^ Nylon (PA)^
-|Production|Can be machined, routed, lathe-worked, cut using similar techniques to woodworking, and can be formed using a process like compression-molding plastics|As with other thermoplastics, PET can be injection molded, extruded and, as the number of bottles demonstrates, blow-molded. It can also be calendered into sheets.  |Compared to other steels, stainless steel is versatile in terms of processing – it can be folded, bent, forged, deep drawn, and rolled. Standard grades are difficult to machine because of the hardness of the material, although specific grades are available that are much easier to machine. As a result of this versatility, it is suited to production volumes ranging from one-off to mass production. |In its granular form, PMMA is a versatile thermoplastic that can be injection molded and extruded. It is also widely available in a range of semi-finished rods, tubes and particularly sheets.|In order to understand the processing of PUs, the various forms need to be understood. As a thermoset material – foams – it is limited to reaction injection molding. As a TPU, it is suitable for a range of production methods, including injection molding, compression molding, casting, extrusion, and also spraying.|It is difficult to extrude due to its low viscosity but is well suited to standard injection moulding. It can be spun into fibres, extruded for multilayer films for bottles, and is capable of being filled with materials including glass fibres to enhance its properties. Plasticizers can be used to increase flexibility| +|Production|Can be machined, routed, lathe-worked, cut using similar techniques to woodworking, and can be formed using a process like compression-molding plastics|As with other thermoplastics, PET can be injection molded, extruded and, as the number of bottles demonstrates, blow-molded. It can also be calendered into sheets.  |Compared to other steels, stainless steel is versatile in terms of processing – it can be folded, bent, forged, deep drawn, and rolled. Standard grades are difficult to machine because of the hardness of the material, although specific grades are available that are much easier to machine. As a result of this versatility, it is suited to production volumes ranging from one-off to mass production. |In its granular form, PMMA is a versatile thermoplastic that can be injection molded and extruded. It is also widely available in a range of semi-finished rods, tubes and particularly sheets.|In order to understand the processing of PU, the various forms need to be understood. As a thermoset material – foams – it is limited to reaction injection molding. As a TPU, it is suitable for a range of production methods, including injection molding, compression molding, casting, extrusion, and also spraying.|It is difficult to extrude due to its low viscosity but is well suited to standard injection moulding. It can be spun into fibres, extruded for multilayer films for bottles, and is capable of being filled with materials including glass fibres to enhance its properties. Plasticizers can be used to increase flexibility| 
-|Sustainability issues |Cork trees absorb up to five times more CO<sub>2</sub> than other trees while producing a new harvest of cork bark every nine years |In terms of the material, PETs represent one of the biggest areas of recycling, with the bottles being re-melted to make carpets, fibres, video cassette tape and as a filler for pillows and clothes: five two-liter PET bottles can yield enough fibrefill to make a ski jacket. PET is identified by the number 1 in the recycling symbol.|Recyclable.| Petroleum-based so not the most sustainable choice. However, PMMA can be reground, melted, and extruded into new products.| Low-temperature molding saves energy and is the most common form of reusing PUs. Low-temperature molding is when the material is re-ground and bound together.|As a thermoplastic, it can be recycled; post-consumer PA is currently not recycled in large quantities but recycled postindustrial.| +|Sustainability issues |Cork trees absorb up to five times more CO<sub>2</sub> than other trees while producing a new harvest of cork bark every nine years |In terms of the material, PETs represent one of the biggest areas of recycling, with the bottles being re-melted to make carpets, fibres, video cassette tape and as a filler for pillows and clothes: five two-liter PET bottles can yield enough fibrefill to make a ski jacket. PET is identified by the number 1 in the recycling symbol.|Recyclable.| Petroleum-based so not the most sustainable choice. However, PMMA can be reground, melted, and extruded into new products.| Low-temperature molding saves energy and is the most common form of reusing PU. Low-temperature molding is when the material is re-ground and bound together.|As a thermoplastic, it can be recycled; post-consumer PA is currently not recycled in large quantities but recycled postindustrial.| 
-|Cost |Relatively inexpensive |1.46€ per kg |3.59€ per kg |2.86€ per kg|TPU: 2.86€ per kg.| 2.86€ per kg.|+|Cost |Relatively inexpensive |1.46 €/kg |3.59 €/kg |2.86 €/kg|TPU: 2.86 €/kg| 2.86€/kg|
 |Source |Portugal is one of the world’s biggest exporters of cork and accounts for 60% of the world’s production, producing over 300.000 tonnes a year. Spain, Algeria, and Morocco are also large producers. |Widely available from multiple global suppliers in both virgin and recycled forms. |Widely available from multiple global suppliers.|Widely available from multiple global suppliers|Widely available from multiple global suppliers.|Widely available from multiple global suppliers.| |Source |Portugal is one of the world’s biggest exporters of cork and accounts for 60% of the world’s production, producing over 300.000 tonnes a year. Spain, Algeria, and Morocco are also large producers. |Widely available from multiple global suppliers in both virgin and recycled forms. |Widely available from multiple global suppliers.|Widely available from multiple global suppliers|Widely available from multiple global suppliers.|Widely available from multiple global suppliers.|
 |Key features|Poisson ratio of 0, Renewable, Biodegradable, Elastic, Vibration dampening, Shock dampening, Impermeable to liquids, Impermeable to gases, Good heat insulation|Excellent chemical resistance, Excellent dimensional stability, Tough and durable, Inexpensive, Excellent clarity, Good impact strength, Recyclable|Non-corrosive, Excellent toughness, Achieves a high polish, Difficult to cold work due to hardness, High-temperature resistance, High weight, High cost, Recyclable|  Excellent clarity, Good hardness, Good stiffness, Resistant to weathering, Easy to color match, High print adhesion, Poor solvent resistance, Poor fatigue resistance, Recyclable| Excellent tensile strength, Excellent toughness, Excellent flexibility, Excellent abrasion resistance, Excellent cut resistance, Excellent chemical resistance, Good resistance to weathering, High flex life, Good impact strength, Generally not recyclable| Low friction, Excellent resistance to abrasion, High strength, High temperature resistance, Blends well with other materials, Poor moisture resistance, Limited chemical resistance, Recyclable| |Key features|Poisson ratio of 0, Renewable, Biodegradable, Elastic, Vibration dampening, Shock dampening, Impermeable to liquids, Impermeable to gases, Good heat insulation|Excellent chemical resistance, Excellent dimensional stability, Tough and durable, Inexpensive, Excellent clarity, Good impact strength, Recyclable|Non-corrosive, Excellent toughness, Achieves a high polish, Difficult to cold work due to hardness, High-temperature resistance, High weight, High cost, Recyclable|  Excellent clarity, Good hardness, Good stiffness, Resistant to weathering, Easy to color match, High print adhesion, Poor solvent resistance, Poor fatigue resistance, Recyclable| Excellent tensile strength, Excellent toughness, Excellent flexibility, Excellent abrasion resistance, Excellent cut resistance, Excellent chemical resistance, Good resistance to weathering, High flex life, Good impact strength, Generally not recyclable| Low friction, Excellent resistance to abrasion, High strength, High temperature resistance, Blends well with other materials, Poor moisture resistance, Limited chemical resistance, Recyclable|
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 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-Despite its biodegradable and impermeable properties, cork cannot easily be assembled with other parts (made out of other materials, such as plastic or steel).\\+Despite its biodegradable and impermeable properties, cork cannot be easily integrated with other parts (made out of other materials, such as plastic or steel).\\
 For the main body, PET is a good solution because it is tough, durable, and inexpensive. For the main body, PET is a good solution because it is tough, durable, and inexpensive.
-For the parts exposed to sun, one of the most UV resistant plastics would be used, Polymethyl Methacrylate, as known as acrylic, which is also one of the most common plastics used in outdoor applications. +For the parts exposed to the Sun, one of the most UV resistant plastics would be used. Polymethyl Methacrylate, known as acrylic, is one of the most common plastics used in outdoor applications. 
-When it comes to the metal components, stainless steel will be used, due to the environment where the product operates in. +When it comes to the metal components, stainless steel will be used, due to the product's environment. 
-For the mesh bag, one of the most used mesh filters is the one made out of nylon, and Soaksy will use the same. +The mesh bag is made out of nylon.
  
 In table {{ref>componentpicture}}, each non-electrical custom made component is described, along with its specifications. In table {{ref>componentpicture}}, each non-electrical custom made component is described, along with its specifications.
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 <WRAP box 800px center> <WRAP box 800px center>
 ^ Component   ^Material   ^Mass ^Material cost ^Final price^   ^ Component   ^Material   ^Mass ^Material cost ^Final price^  
-| {{:corp.jpg?400|}}        | PET    | 11.91 kg    | 1.46€ per kg| 17.38€ |   +| {{:corp.jpg?400|}}        | PET    | 11.91 kg    | 1.46 €/kg| 17.38 € |   
-| {{:bula.jpg?400|}}        | PMMA   | 0.81 kg x 3 | 2.86€ per kg| 6.94€  |    +| {{:bula.jpg?400|}}        | PMMA   | 0.81 kg x 3 | 2.86 €/kg| 6.94 €  |    
-| {{:suport.jpg?400|}}      | PMMA   | 0.06 kg     | 2.86€ per kg| 0.17€  |  +| {{:suport.jpg?400|}}      | PMMA   | 0.06 kg     | 2.86 €/kg| 0.17 €  |  
-| {{:cablu.jpg?400|}}       | TPU    | 0.58 kg     | 2.86€ per kg| 1.65€  |  +| {{:cablu.jpg?400|}}       | TPU    | 0.58 kg     | 2.86 €/kg| 1.65 €  |  
-|{{:inel_plasa.jpg?400|}}   | PMMA   | 0.63 kg     | 2.86€ per kg| 1.80€  | +|{{:inel_plasa.jpg?400|}}   | PMMA   | 0.63 kg     | 2.86 €/kg| 1.80 €  | 
-|{{:etansare.jpg?400|}}     | PU     | 0.01 kg x 3 | 2.86€ per kg| 0.08€  | +|{{:etansare.jpg?400|}}     | PU     | 0.01 kg x 3 | 2.86 €/kg| 0.08 €  | 
-|{{:inel_cauciuc.jpg?400|}} | PU     | 0.09 kg     | 2.86€ per kg| 0.25€  | +|{{:inel_cauciuc.jpg?400|}} | PU     | 0.09 kg     | 2.86 €/kg| 0.25 €  | 
-|{{:steelbody.jpg?400|}}    |Stainless Steel| 26kg | 3.59€ per kg| 93.34€ |+|{{:steelbody.jpg?400|}}    |Stainless Steel| 26 kg | 3.59 €/kg| 93.34 € |
  
  
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 <WRAP box 800px center> <WRAP box 800px center>
 ^ Component   ^Material^Link ^Price per unit^ Final price^  ^ Component   ^Material^Link ^Price per unit^ Final price^ 
-|{{:bolt.jpg?400|}} {{:nut.jpg?400|}}| Stainless steel |[[https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Factory-price-stainless-steel-304-316_60658500131.html?spm=a2700.galleryofferlist.0.0.156c84e74utjVv|Bolt and nut]]| 0.03€| 0.45€| +|{{:bolt.jpg?400|}} {{:nut.jpg?400|}}| Stainless steel |[[https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Factory-price-stainless-steel-304-316_60658500131.html?spm=a2700.galleryofferlist.0.0.156c84e74utjVv|Bolt and nut]]| 0.03 €| 0.45 €| 
-|{{:spring.jpg?400|}}| Stainless steel| [[https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/helical-disc-M6-M10-M12-conical_1600055798583.html?spm=a2700.7724857.normalList.89.3bcd529dYJxXwv|Spring washer]]|0.02€| 0.30€| +|{{:spring.jpg?400|}}| Stainless steel| [[https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/helical-disc-M6-M10-M12-conical_1600055798583.html?spm=a2700.7724857.normalList.89.3bcd529dYJxXwv|Spring washer]]|0.02 €| 0.30 €| 
-|{{:washer.jpg?400|}}|Stainless steel| [[https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Stainless-steel-din-9021-M5-304_60815554551.html?spm=a2700.galleryofferlist.0.0.40a32428p1FuhF|Flat washer]]|0.02€| 0.6€| +|{{:washer.jpg?400|}}|Stainless steel| [[https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Stainless-steel-din-9021-M5-304_60815554551.html?spm=a2700.galleryofferlist.0.0.40a32428p1FuhF|Flat washer]]|0.02 €| 0.6 €| 
-|{{:plasa.jpg?400|}}|PMMA  |[[https://www.amazon.com/Annie-Lightweight-Parrot-Fabric-18x54ParrotBl/dp/B072Z71VQH/ref=sr_1_7?dchild=1&keywords=nylon+mesh+netting&pd_rd_r=18c7b827-ec96-4eac-ac66-302fed4e3084&pd_rd_w=ludRT&pd_rd_wg=Na1pR&pf_rd_p=ff875a9e-7810-43da-bae9-ec4c363817ac&pf_rd_r=ZDBN1JCAM7QWJJ37EMPD&qid=1591919485&sr=8-7|Nylon mesh]]| 8€| 8€|  +|{{:plasa.jpg?400|}}|PMMA  |[[https://www.amazon.com/Annie-Lightweight-Parrot-Fabric-18x54ParrotBl/dp/B072Z71VQH/ref=sr_1_7?dchild=1&keywords=nylon+mesh+netting&pd_rd_r=18c7b827-ec96-4eac-ac66-302fed4e3084&pd_rd_w=ludRT&pd_rd_wg=Na1pR&pf_rd_p=ff875a9e-7810-43da-bae9-ec4c363817ac&pf_rd_r=ZDBN1JCAM7QWJJ37EMPD&qid=1591919485&sr=8-7|Nylon mesh]]| 8 €| 8 €|  
-|{{:sarma.jpg?400|}}|Stainless steel| [[https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32951847244.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.0.0.64497d698yPgMm&algo_pvid=5fbd5c9e-b69c-481f-95e6-6d85cd9bbc88&algo_expid=5fbd5c9e-b69c-481f-95e6-6d85cd9bbc88-11&btsid=0ab6f82315919948041317534e0d9c&ws_ab_test=searchweb0_0,searchweb201602_,searchweb201603_|Nylon mesh]]|6.85€/5 meters| 0.685€|+|{{:sarma.jpg?400|}}|Stainless steel| [[https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32951847244.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.0.0.64497d698yPgMm&algo_pvid=5fbd5c9e-b69c-481f-95e6-6d85cd9bbc88&algo_expid=5fbd5c9e-b69c-481f-95e6-6d85cd9bbc88-11&btsid=0ab6f82315919948041317534e0d9c&ws_ab_test=searchweb0_0,searchweb201602_,searchweb201603_|Nylon mesh]]|6.85 €/5 meters| 0.685 €|
  
  
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 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-Summing up the materials in Table {{ref>componentpicture}} and {{ref>buycomponent}}, we get a total of 131.645€ for the actual product. +Summing up the materials in Table {{ref>componentpicture}} and Table {{ref>buycomponent}}, the total is 131.645€ for the actual product. 
 Having a 1:2 scale, the prototype's raw materials will be also divided by 2, resulting in 65.82€. Having a 1:2 scale, the prototype's raw materials will be also divided by 2, resulting in 65.82€.
  
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 === - Brief description of the components in use === === - Brief description of the components in use ===
  
-  * Pump: The water pump positioned at the bottom of the submerged container is the main component of the project as it allows the floating garbage to move from the water surface into the container that will retain such garbage. +  * Pump: The water pump positioned at the bottom of the submerged container is the main component of the project as it allows the floating garbage to move from the water surface into the container.
  
-  * Ultrasonic sensor: Sensor to detect when the container reaches maximum capacity. The information acquired by the sensor will be processed and sent to the user by the microprocessor. +  * Ultrasonic sensor detects when the container reaches maximum capacity. The information acquired by the sensor will be processed and sent by the microprocessor to an IoT platform. 
  
-  * Water level sensor: The water level sensor uses the water conductivity to determine the water level. This sensor is placed at the bottom of the outer bucket, on the inside, so that the volume of water inside the product can be monitored and keep with certain levels. This parameter is important to keep the product stable, as well as to prevent the pump from running out of water and starting to run dry. If the water level is below a certain level the engine will not activate. +  * Water level sensor uses the water conductivity to determine the water level. This sensor is placed at the bottom and on the inside of the outer bucketto measure the internal water level. This parameter is important to keep the product stable, as well as to prevent the pump from running without water. If the water level is too low, the pump does not operate. 
  
-  * Temperature sensor: The temperature sensor is placed at the water pump outlet to monitor the water temperature. If it detects a high temperature it means that the pump is running dry, and the system will respond to this by switching off the pump motor. This sensor complements the water level sensor and is a safeguard if it fails. +  * Temperature sensor is placed at the water pump outlet to monitor the water temperature. If it detects a high temperature, it means that the pump is running dry. This sensor complements the water level sensor and is a safeguard in case it fails. 
  
-  * Micro-controller: The microprocessor is an integrated circuit that contains all the logical functions for processing data from the sensors, sending the system status to a web page and controlling the operation of the motor that runs the water pump. +  * Micro-controller is an integrated circuit that contains all the logical functions for processing sensor data, sending the system status to the IoT platform and controlling the operation of the water pump. 
  
-  * Logical level converter: Allows an electrically safe interface between the mcu and the ultrasonic sensor. +  * Logical level converter is an electrically safe interface between the micro-controller and the ultrasonic sensor. 
  
-  * MOSFET: This component is the interface between the water pump’s motor and the micro-controller. The motor requires more current than the micro-controller can provide, so the function of MOSFET is to act as a switch for the pump motor, the state of which is controlled by the microcontroller. +  * MOSFET is the interface between the water pump and the micro-controller. The micro-controller controls the pump through the MOSFET.
  
-  * Switch: An analog switch that allows the user to interface directly with the pump.+  * Analog switch allows the user to interface directly with the pump.
  
-  * Power circuit: This circuit ensures the correct transport and distribution of electricity from the power supplies to the appropriate loads of the project (water pump, sensors, micro-controller). +  * Power circuit ensures the distribution of electricity from the power source to the electrical loads of the project (water pump, sensors, micro-controller). 
  
-  * Power Supply AC/DC 12 V: The connection between the power grid and the project is made via a AC/DC power supply, with an output voltage of 12 V. Power supplies like this employ a transformer to convert AC mains electricity into a lower AC voltage. Then a rectifier converts the AC output voltage of the transformer to a cyclic DC voltage, followed by an analog electronic filter to regulate the DC voltage. +  * Power Supply AC/DC 12 V is the system's power source. The connection to the power grid is made via a AC/DC power supply, with an output voltage of 12 V. It employs a transformer to convert AC mains electricity into a lower AC voltage. Then a rectifier converts the AC output voltage of the transformer to a cyclic DC voltage, followed by an analog electronic filter to regulate the DC voltage. 
  
-  * DC/DC converters: There will be used two types of DC/DC converters in this project, with different purposes. Firstly, to fix the output of the photovoltaic panel at 12 V there will be used a step-down, or buck, switching converter. Secondly, to convert 12 V from the grid conversion or photovoltaic panel into lower rated voltages to power the micro-controller and sensors, a low-dropout (LDO) voltage linear regulator will be used. +  * DC/DC converters are used with different purposes. Firstly, at the output of the photovoltaic panel at 12 V there will be a step-down, or buck, switching converter. Secondly, to convert 12 V from the grid conversion or photovoltaic panel into lower voltages to power the micro-controller and sensors, a low-dropout (LDO) voltage linear regulator will be used. 
  
-  * Power diodes: In order to prevent a back feeding in the power circuit, power diodes are going to be place after the conversion to regulated 12 V DC in both power sources.  +  * Power diodes are added to prevent power back feeding conversion to regulated 12 V DC in both power sources.  
  
-  * Photovoltaic panel: This power source will feed the project during the day, converting solar photons into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. Incorporate in the project as a mean to make the project more independent and sustainable. +  * Photovoltaic panel will feed the project during the day, converting solar photons into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. The panel was ncorporated in the project to make it more independent and sustainable. 
  
-  * Bird repeller: In order to protect animals, mostly birds that share the same location as the prototype, from dangers that may occur when these interact, as bird repeller mechanism needs to be set in place.+  * Bird repeller was integrated to protect animals, mostly birds from dangers that may occur when these interact.
  
 === - Pump === === - Pump ===
-The water pump will be the main component of the system, all other components being sized around it.\\ +The water pump will be the main component of the system.\\ 
-Therefore it is necessary to carry out a study to find out which type of pump is best used in the prototype.\\ +Therefore it is necessary to carry out a study to select the most suitable pump.\\ 
-In this study we consider two aspects: the type of power supply (DC vs AC) and the environment where they operate (Submersible vs Surface).+In this study it will be consider two aspects: the type of power supply (DC vs AC) and the environment where they operate (Submersible vs Surface).
 == - DC vs AC pumps  ==  == - DC vs AC pumps  == 
 In order to carry out the process of choosing the water pump, it will be necessary to decide what type of supply such a pump will have.  In order to carry out the process of choosing the water pump, it will be necessary to decide what type of supply such a pump will have. 
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 In Table {{ref>pumpsdcac}} water pumps with AC supply and DC supply are compared.  In Table {{ref>pumpsdcac}} water pumps with AC supply and DC supply are compared. 
  
-The design water pump should have the following characteristics: +The water pump should have the following characteristics: 
  
   * Be as quiet as possible so as not to disturb people and animals;    * Be as quiet as possible so as not to disturb people and animals; 
-  * Longer life span to be a more autonomous system with fewer costs in the long run; +  * Long life span to ensure costs; 
   * Efficient to reduce the energy consumption of the system.    * Efficient to reduce the energy consumption of the system. 
  
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 == - Submersible vs Surface pumps  ==  == - Submersible vs Surface pumps  == 
-Continuing with the study of water pumps, these can be divided into two groups regarding the place where they are placed: submersible and surface. In the Table {{ref>pumpssubsur}} there are advantages and disadvantages of each of these types of pumps. \\+Water pumps can be divided into where they are placed: submersible and surface. Table {{ref>pumpssubsur}} holds the advantages and disadvantages of each type of pumps. \\
 Considering the requirements of the system, submersible pumps are the most suitable, as they present:  Considering the requirements of the system, submersible pumps are the most suitable, as they present: 
-  * Less noise and visual impact on the environment, as it is located below the water level;  +  * Less noise and visual impact on the environment since they are located below the water level;  
-  * Greater energy efficiency, because less work is needed to move the water and also does not present problems of overheating. +  * Greater energy efficiency because less work is needed to move the water and suffer from less overheating. 
    
 <WRAP centeralign> <WRAP centeralign>
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 == - Options and choice of water pump   ==  == - Options and choice of water pump   == 
  
-After choosing the type of supply and positioning location, it is now possible to search the market for water pumps with such characteristics. The market product search can be found in Table {{ref>pumpschoice}}. +After choosing the type of supply and location, it is now possible to search the market for water pumps with such characteristics. The market product search can be found in Table {{ref>pumpschoice}}. 
  
 <WRAP centeralign> <WRAP centeralign>
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 <WRAP box 800px center> <WRAP box 800px center>
 ^ Name  ^ Description  ^ Price (€)  ^ Photo ^ Seller ^ Local of export  ^ Weight (kg) ^ Manufacture guide ^ ^ Name  ^ Description  ^ Price (€)  ^ Photo ^ Seller ^ Local of export  ^ Weight (kg) ^ Manufacture guide ^
-|Velleman VMA421: Water Pump |Input: 12 V DC\\ Max. current: 0.35 A\\ Consumption: 4.2 W\\ Max. flow: 240 l/hour\\ Acoustic noise: <40 dB\\ Working time: > 30.000 hours(can continuously work)\\ Dimensions: 51 x 34 x 42.7 mm |12.20|  <WRAP centeralign>{{ :vma421_1.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.aquario.pt/pt/product/velleman-bomba-de-agua-vma421|Aquário]] | Portugal (Aquário store) | 0.08 | [[https://www.velleman.eu/products/view/?id=439200|Velleman]] | +|Velleman VMA421: Water Pump |Input: 12 V DC\\ Max. current: 0.35 A\\ Consumption: 4.2 W\\ Max. flow: 240 l/h\\ Acoustic noise: <40 dB\\ Working time: > 30 000 h(can continuously work)\\ Dimensions: 51 x 34 x 42.7 mm |12.20|  <WRAP centeralign>{{ :vma421_1.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.aquario.pt/pt/product/velleman-bomba-de-agua-vma421|Aquário]] | Portugal (Aquário store) | 0.08 | [[https://www.velleman.eu/products/view/?id=439200|Velleman]] | 
-|TMC 06302 |Input: 12 V DC\\ Max. current: 1.5 A\\ Consumption: 18 W\\ Max. flow: 378 l/hour | 13.73 + 7.99 (transport fee) = 21.72 |  <WRAP centeralign>{{ :tmc_06302.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> |[[https://loja-motomarine.pt/bombas-de-pressao-de-agua/water-pump-for-faucets-and-showers-12v-x-400-lt-h-pt-798897139 | Motamarine]] | Portugal | - | [[http://www.tmcint.com/en/product-213969/Galley-Pump.html | TMC]]| +|TMC 06302 |Input: 12 V DC\\ Max. current: 1.5 A\\ Consumption: 18 W\\ Max. flow: 378 l/h | 13.73 + 7.99 (transport fee) = 21.72 |  <WRAP centeralign>{{ :tmc_06302.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> |[[https://loja-motomarine.pt/bombas-de-pressao-de-agua/water-pump-for-faucets-and-showers-12v-x-400-lt-h-pt-798897139 | Motamarine]] | Portugal | - | [[http://www.tmcint.com/en/product-213969/Galley-Pump.html | TMC]]| 
-|TMC 04301 |Input: 12 V DC\\ Max. current: 2 A\\ Consumption: 24 W\\ Max. flow: 380 l/hour\\Note: Max. continuous operation should not exceed 15 minutes. |12.89 + 7.99 (transport fee) = 20.88 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :tmc_04301.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://loja-motomarine.pt/bombas-de-pressao-de-agua/bomba-tmc-12-v-pt-1274925831|Motomarine]] | Portugal | - | [[http://www.tmcint.com/en/product-213966/Caravan-Pumps.html | TMC]]|+|TMC 04301 |Input: 12 V DC\\ Max. current: 2 A\\ Consumption: 24 W\\ Max. flow: 380 l/h\\Note: Max. continuous operation should not exceed 15 min. |12.89 + 7.99 (transport fee) = 20.88 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :tmc_04301.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://loja-motomarine.pt/bombas-de-pressao-de-agua/bomba-tmc-12-v-pt-1274925831|Motomarine]] | Portugal | - | [[http://www.tmcint.com/en/product-213966/Caravan-Pumps.html | TMC]]|
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 </table> </table>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-After the product research in the market, it was concluded that the best water pump available in the Portuguese market to implement in the prototype would be "**Velleman VMA421: Water Pump**". +The best water pump available in the Portuguese market to implement in the prototype is be "**Velleman VMA421: Water Pump**". 
  
-The reasons of choice were the following:  +The reasons for this choice are the following:  
-  * Considering the number of components and the distribution of the budget, the cheapest pump was chosen, because it does not matter the capacity of the pump for the prototype phase.  +  * The cheapest pump was chosen, because it does not matter the capacity of the pump for the prototype phase.  
-  * Although it presents the lowest values in the Table, it presents detailed information about its characteristics. +  * It presents detailed information about its characteristics. 
  
 === - Distance sensor ===  === - Distance sensor === 
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 Two types of sensors were considered for the sensor choice: ultrasonic and infrared.  Two types of sensors were considered for the sensor choice: ultrasonic and infrared. 
  
-One of the requirements of the sensor is that it is water-resistant, the only sensor listed in our survey with such a feature being the "JSN-SR04T-2.0 Ultrasonic Waterproof Range Finder". +One of the requirements of the sensor is that it is water-resistant, the only sensor listed in our survey with such a feature is the "JSN-SR04T-2.0 Ultrasonic Waterproof Range Finder". 
  
 === - Water level sensor === === - Water level sensor ===
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 ^ Name  ^ Description  ^ Price (€)  ^ Photo ^ Seller ^ Local of export  ^ Weight (kg) ^ Datasheet ^ ^ Name  ^ Description  ^ Price (€)  ^ Photo ^ Seller ^ Local of export  ^ Weight (kg) ^ Datasheet ^
-|Water Level Sensor  |Input voltage: 3 to 5 V\\ Working current: <20 mA\\ Output voltage: 0 ~ 2.3V (with the sensor completely soaked in water)\\ Operating temperature: 10 ºC to 30 ºC\\ Humidity: 10% to 90% (without condensation)\\ Analog sensor\\ Detection area: 40x16 mm\\ Dimensions (LxW): 60x20x8 mm  | 2.90€ | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :sensor-profundidade-agua.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.electrofun.pt/sensores-arduino/sensor-profundidade-agua| eletrofun]] | Portugal  | 0.0036 | - |+|Water Level Sensor  |Input voltage: 3 to 5 V\\ Working current: <20 mA\\ Output voltage: 0 ~ 2.3 V (with the sensor completely soaked in water)\\ Operating temperature: 10 °C to 30 °C\\ Humidity: 10 % to 90 % (without condensation)\\ Analog sensor\\ Detection area: 40x16 mm\\ Dimensions (LxW): 60x20x8 mm  | 2.90 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :sensor-profundidade-agua.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.electrofun.pt/sensores-arduino/sensor-profundidade-agua| eletrofun]] | Portugal  | 0.0036 | - |
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 </table> </table>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-There is not much diversity of these types of sensors, so the cheapest seller was chosen. +Given the reduced variety of this type of sensors, the cheapest seller was chosen. 
  
 === - Temperature sensor === === - Temperature sensor ===
-Table {{ref>temperature_sensor}} contains the research on the sensor that will measure temperature on the outlet of the pump.  +Table {{ref>temperature_sensor}} contains the research on the temperature sensor for the outlet of the pump.  
  
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 ^ Name  ^ Description  ^ Price (€)  ^ Photo ^ Seller ^ Local of export  ^ Weight (kg) ^ Datasheet ^ ^ Name  ^ Description  ^ Price (€)  ^ Photo ^ Seller ^ Local of export  ^ Weight (kg) ^ Datasheet ^
-|WATERPROOF TEMPERATURE SENSOR (DS18B20)  | Input voltage: 3.0 V to 5.5 V\\ ± 0.5 °C accuracy from -10 °C to 85 °C\\ Temperature range: -55 to 125 °C\\ 9-12 bits of selectable resolution\\ Stainless steel tube with diameter of 6 mm by 50 mm length\\ Cable length: 2 m  | 4.65€  | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :sensor-de-temperatura-a-prova-de-agua-ds18b20-09m-.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.botnroll.com/pt/temperatura/429-sensor-de-temperatura-a-prova-de-agua-ds18b20-09m-.html| botnroll]] | Portugal  | -| [[http://image.dfrobot.com/image/data/DFR0198/DS18B20.pdf|DS18B20.pdf]]  |+|WATERPROOF TEMPERATURE SENSOR (DS18B20)  | Input voltage: 3.0 V to 5.5 V\\ ± 0.5 °C accuracy from -10 °C to 85 °C\\ Temperature range: -55 to 125 °C\\ 9-12 bits of selectable resolution\\ Stainless steel tube with diameter of 6 mm by 50 mm length\\ Cable length: 2 m  | 4.65  | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :sensor-de-temperatura-a-prova-de-agua-ds18b20-09m-.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.botnroll.com/pt/temperatura/429-sensor-de-temperatura-a-prova-de-agua-ds18b20-09m-.html| botnroll]] | Portugal  | -| [[http://image.dfrobot.com/image/data/DFR0198/DS18B20.pdf|DS18B20.pdf]]  |
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 </table> </table>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-Due to the particularity that this temperature sensor needs to be waterproof and with a long cable, the DS18B20 sensor is the only option on the market that has met these conditions. +Due to the particularity that this temperature sensor needs to be waterproof and with a long cable, the DS18B20 sensor is the only option on the market that meets these conditions. 
  
 === - Microprocessor ===  === - Microprocessor === 
-The Table {{ref>microprocessortab}} contains the market research on the micro-processors available on the market and compatible with the project. +Table {{ref>microprocessortab}} contains the market research on the micro-processors available on the market and compatible with the project. 
  
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 ^ Name  ^ Description  ^ Price (€)  ^ Photo ^ Seller ^ Local of export  ^ Weight (kg) ^ Datasheet ^ ^ Name  ^ Description  ^ Price (€)  ^ Photo ^ Seller ^ Local of export  ^ Weight (kg) ^ Datasheet ^
-|Espressif ESP32 DevKitC-32D | Wi-Fi: Protocols 802.11 b/g/n (802.11n up to 150 Mbps)\\ A-MPDU and A-MSDU aggregation and 0.4 µs guard interval support\\ Frequency range 2.4 to 2.5 GHz  | 13.60 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :placa-de-desenvolvimento-esp32-espressif.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.botnroll.com/pt/varias/2452-placa-de-desenvolvimento-esp32-espressif.html|botnroll]]| Portugal | - | [[https://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32-wroom-32d_esp32-wroom-32u_datasheet_en.pdf| espressif]]| +|Espressif ESP32 DevKitC-32D | Wi-Fi: Protocols 802.11 b/g/n (802.11n up to 150 Mbps)\\ A-MPDU and A-MSDU aggregation and 0.4 µs guard interval support\\ Frequency range 2.4 to 2.5 GHz\\ Bluetooth: Protocols Bluetooth v4.2 BR/EDR and BLE specification\\ Radio\\ NZIF receiver with –97 dBm sensitivity\\ Class-1, class-2 and class-3 transmitter\\ AFH\\ Audio\\ CVSD and SBC.\\ Hardware: Module interfaces. SD card, UART, SPI, SDIO, I2C, LED PWM, Motor PWM, I. 2S, IR, pulse counter, GPIO, capacitive touch sensor, ADC, DAC, On-chip sensor Hall sensor\\ Integrated crystal 40 MHz crystal\\ Integrated SPI flash 4 MB\\ Operating voltage/Power supply 3.0 V to 3.6 V\\ Minimum current delivered by power supply: 500 mA\\ Operating temperature range –40 °C to +85 °C.  | 13.60 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :placa-de-desenvolvimento-esp32-espressif.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.botnroll.com/pt/varias/2452-placa-de-desenvolvimento-esp32-espressif.html|botnroll]]| Portugal | - | [[https://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32-wroom-32d_esp32-wroom-32u_datasheet_en.pdf| espressif]]|
-|.|Bluetooth: Protocols Bluetooth v4.2 BR/EDR and BLE specification\\ Radio\\ NZIF receiver with –97 dBm sensitivity\\ Class-1, class-2 and class-3 transmitter\\ AFH\\ Audio\\ CVSD and SBC.|.|.|.|.|.|.| +
-|.|Hardware: Module interfaces. SD card, UART, SPI, SDIO, I2C, LED PWM, Motor PWM, I. 2S, IR, pulse counter, GPIO, capacitive touch sensor, ADC, DAC, On-chip sensor Hall sensor\\ Integrated crystal 40 MHz crystal\\ Integrated SPI flash 4 MB\\ Operating voltage/Power supply 3.0 V to 3.6 V\\ Minimum current delivered by power supply: 500 mA\\ Operating temperature range –40 °C to +85 °C.|.|.|.|.|.|.|+
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 </table> </table>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-Microcontroller research is not extensive as there is not much variety available on the Portuguese market that meets the project's requirements. The microcontroller to be implemented will have to be of low consumption, with Wi-Fi connection module. So with a brief research it became clear that the development board "Espressif ESP32 DevKitC-32D" would be the most appropriate choice for the project.+The microcontroller research wass not extensive as the variety available on the Portuguese market that meets the project's requirements is reduced. The microcontroller needs to be low consumption and include a Wi-Fi connection module. So, with a brief research, it became clear that the development board "Espressif ESP32 DevKitC-32D" would be the most appropriate choice for the project.
  
 === - Logical level converter=== === - Logical level converter===
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 </table> </table>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
-All logic level converters found are based on the FET BSS138, so we chose the cheapest option on the market.+All logic level converters found are based on the FET BSS138, so it was choosen the cheapest option on the market.
  
 === - MOSFET===  === - MOSFET=== 
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 ^ Name  ^ Description  ^ Price (€)  ^ Photo ^ Seller ^ Local of export  ^ Weight (kg) ^ Datasheet ^ ^ Name  ^ Description  ^ Price (€)  ^ Photo ^ Seller ^ Local of export  ^ Weight (kg) ^ Datasheet ^
 |BS170 - N Channel Enhancement Mode Field Effect Transistor | Continuous Drain Current Id:500 mA\\ Drain Source Voltage Vds:60 V\\ On Resistance Rds(on):5 ohm\\ Rds(on) Test Voltage Vgs:10 V\\ Threshold Voltage Vgs Typ:2.1 V\\ Power Dissipation Pd:830 mW\\ Voltage Vds Typ:60 V\\ Voltage Vgs Max:20 V\\ Voltage Vgs Rds on Measurement:10 V\\ Operating temperature range: −55 to +150 °C | 0.31 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :bs170-n-channel-enhancement-mode-field-effect-transistor.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.ptrobotics.com/mosfets/975-bs170-n-channel-enhancement-mode-field-effect-transistor.html| PTRobotics]] | Portugal | -| [[https://www.onsemi.com/pub/Collateral/BS170-D.PDF|BS170-D.PDF]] | |BS170 - N Channel Enhancement Mode Field Effect Transistor | Continuous Drain Current Id:500 mA\\ Drain Source Voltage Vds:60 V\\ On Resistance Rds(on):5 ohm\\ Rds(on) Test Voltage Vgs:10 V\\ Threshold Voltage Vgs Typ:2.1 V\\ Power Dissipation Pd:830 mW\\ Voltage Vds Typ:60 V\\ Voltage Vgs Max:20 V\\ Voltage Vgs Rds on Measurement:10 V\\ Operating temperature range: −55 to +150 °C | 0.31 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :bs170-n-channel-enhancement-mode-field-effect-transistor.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.ptrobotics.com/mosfets/975-bs170-n-channel-enhancement-mode-field-effect-transistor.html| PTRobotics]] | Portugal | -| [[https://www.onsemi.com/pub/Collateral/BS170-D.PDF|BS170-D.PDF]] |
-|IRLZ44N N-MOSFET UNIPOLAR LOGIC LEVEL HEXFET 55V 41A 83W | Transistor type: N-MOSFET\\ Polarization: unipolar\\ Transistor type: HEXFET, logic level\\ Source drain voltage: 55V\\ Drain current: 41A\\ Wattage: 83W\\ Source-port voltage: 16V\\ Resistance in driving state: 22mΩ\\ Connector thermal resistance – cover: 1.8K / W\\ Door load: 32nC\\Operating temperature range: -55 to + 175 °C | 0.85 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :transistor-n-mosfet-unipolar-logic-level-hexfet-55v-41a-83w.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.botnroll.com/pt/semicondutores/2278-transistor-n-mosfet-unipolar-logic-level-hexfet-55v-41a-83w.html| botnroll]] | Portugal | -| [[http://www.irf.com/product-info/datasheets/data/irlz44n.pdf|irlz44n.pdf]] |+|IRLZ44N N-MOSFET UNIPOLAR LOGIC LEVEL HEXFET 55V 41A 83W | Transistor type: N-MOSFET\\ Polarization: unipolar\\ Transistor type: HEXFET, logic level\\ Source drain voltage: 55 V\\ Drain current: 41 A\\ Wattage: 83 W\\ Source-port voltage: 16 V\\ Resistance in driving state: 22 mΩ\\ Connector thermal resistance – cover: 1.8 K / W\\ Door load: 32 nC\\ Operating temperature range: -55 °C to + 175 °C | 0.85 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :transistor-n-mosfet-unipolar-logic-level-hexfet-55v-41a-83w.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.botnroll.com/pt/semicondutores/2278-transistor-n-mosfet-unipolar-logic-level-hexfet-55v-41a-83w.html| botnroll]] | Portugal | -| [[http://www.irf.com/product-info/datasheets/data/irlz44n.pdf|irlz44n.pdf]] |
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 </table> </table>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-In this research, the Botnroll store was started, as it is the place where most of the components will be purchased and thus reduce delivery costs. Despite having enough MOSFETs for the job, it would be more appropriate to use another MOSFET with inferior properties. This is how MOSFET BS170 was chosen. +The selected MOSFET was the BS170. Although a MOSFET with inferior specifications would be sufficient, the purchase of this one from Botnroll allows reducing the delivery costs since the majority of the chosen electronics are also from the same company. 
    
 === - Switch===  === - Switch=== 
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 ^ Name  ^ Description  ^ Price (€)  ^ Photo ^ Seller ^ Local of export  ^ Weight (kg) ^ Datasheet ^ ^ Name  ^ Description  ^ Price (€)  ^ Photo ^ Seller ^ Local of export  ^ Weight (kg) ^ Datasheet ^
-|3A / 250VAC TOOGLE MINI SWITCH  | Terminal: 2x Solder Lugs\\ Mounting Type: Central Nut\\ Contact Voltage: 125VAC\\ Contact Current: 3A\\ Contacts Configuration: SPDT\\ Mounting Hole: M5\\ ON-OFF Switching Method\\ Toggle Type: Metal toggle  | 0.65 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :interruptor-2a-250vac-toogle.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.botnroll.com/pt/interruptores-botoes/882-interruptor-2a-250vac-toogle.html|botnroll]] | Portugal  | -| - |+|3 A / 250 V AC TOOGLE MINI SWITCH  | Terminal: 2x Solder Lugs\\ Mounting Type: Central Nut\\ Contact Voltage: 125 V AC\\ Contact Current: 3 A\\ Contacts Configuration: SPDT\\ Mounting Hole: M5\\ ON-OFF Switching Method\\ Toggle Type: Metal toggle  | 0.65 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :interruptor-2a-250vac-toogle.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.botnroll.com/pt/interruptores-botoes/882-interruptor-2a-250vac-toogle.html|botnroll]] | Portugal  | -| - |
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 </table> </table>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-Once again, the Botnroll store was prioritized to cut shipping costs. This switch is the cheapest option of this store with the necessary electrical properties. +Once again, the Botnroll store was prioritized due to cut shipping costs. This switch is the cheapest option of this store with the necessary electrical properties. 
  
 === - Power circuit=== === - Power circuit===
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 ^ Name  ^ Description  ^ Price (€)  ^ Photo ^ Seller ^ Local of export  ^ Weight (kg) ^ Datasheet ^ ^ Name  ^ Description  ^ Price (€)  ^ Photo ^ Seller ^ Local of export  ^ Weight (kg) ^ Datasheet ^
-|DC-DC Buck Converter Step-down 12 V to 3.3 V / 5 V | One input: DC 6 V - 12 V\\ Output: 3.3 V (+ - 0.05 v error), 5.0 V (+ - 0.05 v error)\\ Max. current output: 800 mA\\ Operating junction temperature range: -40° C to +125° C\\ Minimum operating current: 12 mA\\ Short circuit current: 1.1 A | 3.81 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :dc-dc-buck-converter-step-down-12v-to-33v5v-power-supply-module.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP>|[[https://www.ptrobotics.com/alimentacao/6523-dc-dc-buck-converter-step-down-12v-to-33v5v-power-supply-module.html|PTRobotics]] |Portugal (PTRobotics store)| - |[[https://html.alldatasheet.com/html-pdf/205692/ADMOS/AMS1117-5.0/154/1/AMS1117-5.0.html|Alldatasheet]]|+|DC-DC Buck Converter Step-down 12 V to 3.3 V / 5 V | One input: DC 6 V - 12 V\\ Output: 3.3 V (+ - 0.05 V error), 5.0 V (+ - 0.05 V error)\\ Max. current output: 800 mA\\ Operating junction temperature range: -40 °C to + 125 °C\\ Minimum operating current: 12 mA\\ Short circuit current: 1.1 A | 3.81 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :dc-dc-buck-converter-step-down-12v-to-33v5v-power-supply-module.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP>|[[https://www.ptrobotics.com/alimentacao/6523-dc-dc-buck-converter-step-down-12v-to-33v5v-power-supply-module.html|PTRobotics]] |Portugal (PTRobotics store)| - |[[https://html.alldatasheet.com/html-pdf/205692/ADMOS/AMS1117-5.0/154/1/AMS1117-5.0.html|Alldatasheet]]|
 |3.3 V And 5 V Breadboard Power Supply |Input voltage: 6.5 V to 12 V DC or via USB cable\\ Output voltage: 3.3 V and 5 V\\ Maximum output current: 700 mA. | 3.80 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :fonte-alimentac-o-breadboard.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> |[[https://www.electrofun.pt/fontes-de-alimentacao/fonte-alimentac-o-breadboard|Electrofun]]|Portugal (Electrofun store) | - | -| |3.3 V And 5 V Breadboard Power Supply |Input voltage: 6.5 V to 12 V DC or via USB cable\\ Output voltage: 3.3 V and 5 V\\ Maximum output current: 700 mA. | 3.80 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :fonte-alimentac-o-breadboard.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> |[[https://www.electrofun.pt/fontes-de-alimentacao/fonte-alimentac-o-breadboard|Electrofun]]|Portugal (Electrofun store) | - | -|
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-Although the two converters have very similar characteristics and also the same price, "DC-DC Buck Converter Step-down 12 V to 3.3 V / 5 V" was chosen because there is more information about it. +Although the two converters have very similar characteristics and price, "DC-DC Buck Converter Step-down 12 V to 3.3 V / 5 V" was chosen because there is more information about it. 
  
-It is important to point out that although for the size of this prototype the use of low-dropout regulator (LDO) is acceptable, in the process of scaling up the project this will no longer be viable. In said case, the best substitute for this component is a buck switching regulator. +It is important to point out that the use of low-dropout regulator (LDO) is only acceptable in the case of the smaller scale prototype. For the real size product, the best solution is a buck switching regulator. 
  
  
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 == - DC/DC converters - Wide input voltage/12 V converter      ==  == - DC/DC converters - Wide input voltage/12 V converter      == 
  
-In Table {{ref>wiv12tab}} are present the converters considered to convert the voltage range supplied by the photovoltaic panel to 12 V stable.+Table {{ref>wiv12tab}} presents the converters considered to convert the voltage range supplied by the photovoltaic panel to 12 V stable.
  
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-|XL6009 DC-DC Boost Buck Adjustable Step-Up Voltage Converter Module | Module Properties： Non- isolated boost (BOOST) ; Rectification： Non- Synchronous Rectification\\ Input Range： 3.8 V to 32 V \\ Output Range： 1.25 V to 35 V \\ Input Current： 3 A (max), no-load 18 mA ( 5 V input, 8 V output no-load is less than 18 mA\\ Conversion efficiency： <94% \\ Switching frequency： 400 KHz \\ Output Ripple： 50 mV (the higher the voltage, the greater the current, the greater the ripple)\\ Load Regulation： ± 0.5% ; Voltage Regulation： ± 0.5% \\ Operating Temperature： -40 ℃ to +85 ℃ | 4.06 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :xl6009-dc-dc-boost-buck-adjustable-step-up-voltage-converter-module.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.ptrobotics.com/alimentacao/6549-xl6009-dc-dc-boost-buck-adjustable-step-up-voltage-converter-module.html?gclid=CjwKCAjwg6b0BRBMEiwANd1_SLOjXhquBHXW014J11QFeDptNRlclPXfAScP8gCDCxf5z9hjxFvVthoCdMgQAvD_BwE|PTRobotics]]|Portugal (PTRobotics store)|- | [[https://www.haoyuelectronics.com/Attachment/XL6009/XL6009-DC-DC-Converter-Datasheet.pdf|HAOYU STAR Electronics]]| +|XL6009 DC-DC Boost Buck Adjustable Step-Up Voltage Converter Module | Module Properties： Non- isolated boost (BOOST) ; Rectification： Non- Synchronous Rectification\\ Input Range： 3.8 V to 32 V \\ Output Range： 1.25 V to 35 V \\ Input Current： 3 A (max), no-load 18 mA ( 5 V input, 8 V output no-load is less than 18 mA\\ Conversion efficiency： <94 % \\ Switching frequency： 400 kHz \\ Output Ripple： 50 mV (the higher the voltage, the greater the current, the greater the ripple)\\ Load Regulation： ± 0.5 % ; Voltage Regulation： ± 0.5% \\ Operating Temperature： -40 ℃ to +85 ℃ | 4.06 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :xl6009-dc-dc-boost-buck-adjustable-step-up-voltage-converter-module.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.ptrobotics.com/alimentacao/6549-xl6009-dc-dc-boost-buck-adjustable-step-up-voltage-converter-module.html?gclid=CjwKCAjwg6b0BRBMEiwANd1_SLOjXhquBHXW014J11QFeDptNRlclPXfAScP8gCDCxf5z9hjxFvVthoCdMgQAvD_BwE|PTRobotics]]|Portugal (PTRobotics store)|- | [[https://www.haoyuelectronics.com/Attachment/XL6009/XL6009-DC-DC-Converter-Datasheet.pdf|HAOYU STAR Electronics]]| 
-|Tension regulator LM2596 Conversor DC-DC Step Down |Input voltage: 4 to 40 V\\ Output voltage: 3 to 35 V\\ Output current: 2 A nominal current, 3 A max. (adviced to place a heat sink if power is greater than 15 W)\\ Efficiency: up to 92% (bigger output, greater the efficiency)\\ Switching speed: up to 150 KHz; Max. output power: 15 W\\ Temperature operating range: (-40 ℃ a 85 ℃) |4.50| <WRAP centeralign>{{ :regulador-tensao-lm2596-dc-dc.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP>| [[https://www.electrofun.pt/fontes-de-alimentacao/regulador-tensao-lm2596-dc-dc?utm_campaign=efshopping&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&gclid=CjwKCAjw95D0BRBFEiwAcO1KDBLPZggN667XnK9NFxYbeGU0EMud5PV9nrq8uiM2-0jm44iaI02_3BoCtM4QAvD_BwE| Electrofun]] | Portugal (Electrofun store)| - | [[https://pdf1.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/view/134372/ETC1/LM2596.html|Alldatasheet]]+|Tension regulator LM2596 Conversor DC-DC Step Down |Input voltage: 4 to 40 V\\ Output voltage: 3 to 35 V\\ Output current: 2 A nominal current, 3 A max. (adviced to place a heat sink if power is greater than 15 W)\\ Efficiency: up to 92 % (bigger output, greater the efficiency)\\ Switching speed: up to 150 kHz; Max. output power: 15 W\\ Temperature operating range: (-40 ℃ a 85 ℃) |4.50| <WRAP centeralign>{{ :regulador-tensao-lm2596-dc-dc.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP>| [[https://www.electrofun.pt/fontes-de-alimentacao/regulador-tensao-lm2596-dc-dc?utm_campaign=efshopping&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&gclid=CjwKCAjw95D0BRBFEiwAcO1KDBLPZggN667XnK9NFxYbeGU0EMud5PV9nrq8uiM2-0jm44iaI02_3BoCtM4QAvD_BwE| Electrofun]] | Portugal (Electrofun store)| - | [[https://pdf1.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/view/134372/ETC1/LM2596.html|Alldatasheet]]
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 </table> </table>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-The "XL6009 DC-DC Boost Buck Adjustable Step-Up Voltage Converter Module" was chosen because it allows the voltage supplied by the panel to be increased or decreased to obtain 12 V stable output from this converter. With this feature, the system is expected to run on solar panel power for longer. +The "XL6009 DC-DC Boost Buck Adjustable Step-Up Voltage Converter Module" was chosen because it allows the supplied panel voltage to be increased or decreased to obtain 12 V stable output. With this feature, the system is expected to run on solar power for longer. 
  
 == - Schottky diode     ==  == - Schottky diode     == 
-In Table {{ref>diodetab}} the diodes to be used to protect the circuit from changing the direction of current are considered. +Table {{ref>diodetab}} lists the diodes to protect the circuit from changing the direction of current are considered. 
  
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 ^ Name  ^ Description  ^ Price (€)  ^ Photo ^ Seller ^ Local of export  ^ Weight (g) ^ Datasheet ^ ^ Name  ^ Description  ^ Price (€)  ^ Photo ^ Seller ^ Local of export  ^ Weight (g) ^ Datasheet ^
-|SB2100 - Schottky Diode 2 A 100V | Maximum reverse voltage: 100V \\ Conducting current: 2 A \\ Semiconductor structure: individual diode\\ Capacity: 80pF\\ Housing: DO15 \\ Pulse current max.:50A |0.18 x 3 units = 0.54 |<WRAP centeralign>{{ :sb2100-schottky-diode-2a-100v.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.ptrobotics.com/diodos-schottky/7290-sb2100-schottky-diode-2a-100v.html| PTRobotics]] |Portugal (PTRobotics store) | 0.383 |[[http://www.smc-diodes.com/propdf/SB2100%20N0154%20REV.A.pdf|SMC Diode Solutions]]| +|SB2100 - Schottky Diode 2 A 100V | Maximum reverse voltage: 100V \\ Conducting current: 2 A \\ Semiconductor structure: individual diode\\ Capacity: 80 pF\\ Housing: DO15 \\ Pulse current max.:50 A |0.18 x 3 units = 0.54 |<WRAP centeralign>{{ :sb2100-schottky-diode-2a-100v.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.ptrobotics.com/diodos-schottky/7290-sb2100-schottky-diode-2a-100v.html| PTRobotics]] |Portugal (PTRobotics store) | 0.383 |[[http://www.smc-diodes.com/propdf/SB2100%20N0154%20REV.A.pdf|SMC Diode Solutions]]| 
-|SMC Diode Solutions| Max. peak reverse voltage: 40 V\\ Max. rectified current: 3 A\\ Repetitive peak forward current: - \\ Max. reverse current (25 ° c): 0.5 A\\ Max. forward voltage: - |0.40 x 3 units = 1.20 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :1n5822.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.aquario.pt/pt/product/velleman-diodo-schottky-40v-3a-1n5822|Aquário]] |Portugal (Aquário store) | - | [[https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/1n5822.pdf|1n5822.pdf]]|+|SMC Diode Solutions| Max. peak reverse voltage: 40 V\\ Max. rectified current: 3 A\\ Repetitive peak forward current: - \\ Max. reverse current (25 °C): 0.5 A\\ Max. forward voltage: - |0.40 x 3 units = 1.20 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :1n5822.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.aquario.pt/pt/product/velleman-diodo-schottky-40v-3a-1n5822|Aquário]] |Portugal (Aquário store) | - | [[https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/1n5822.pdf|1n5822.pdf]]|
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 </table> </table>
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 == - Power Supply AC/DC 12 V      ==  == - Power Supply AC/DC 12 V      == 
-In Table {{ref>powersupplytab}} are some options to connect the prototype to the power grid. +Table {{ref>powersupplytab}} show some options to connect the prototype to the power grid. 
  
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-|Switching Power Supply 12 V 1.5 A |Input voltage: 110-240 V AC 50 / 60 Hz \\ Output voltage: 12 V Dc \\ Current: 1500 mA \\ Plug dimensions: 5.5 x 2.1 mm \\ Dimensions: 80 x 53 x 33 mm |4.80 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :switching-power-supply-12v-15a.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.ptrobotics.com/fontes-alimentacao/2189-switching-power-supply-12v-15a.html|PTRobotics]] | Portugal (PTRobotics store) | 0.2 | - | +|Switching Power Supply 12 V 1.5 A |Input voltage: 110-240 V AC 50 / 60 Hz \\ Output voltage: 12 V DC \\ Current: 1500 mA \\ Plug dimensions: 5.5 x 2.1 mm \\ Dimensions: 80 x 53 x 33 mm |4.80 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :switching-power-supply-12v-15a.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.ptrobotics.com/fontes-alimentacao/2189-switching-power-supply-12v-15a.html|PTRobotics]] | Portugal (PTRobotics store) | 0.2 | - | 
-|Power Supply AC / DC 12 V 3 A Adapter | Input: AC 110-240 V to 50 / 60 Hz\\ Output: 12 V DC\\Current: 3 A. | 6.30 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :fonte-alimentac-o-adaptador-ac-dc-12v-3a.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.electrofun.pt/fontes-de-alimentacao/fonte-alimentac-o-adaptador-ac-dc-12v-3a?utm_campaign=efshopping&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&gclid=CjwKCAjw95D0BRBFEiwAcO1KDDD7pq3L2qCMCMfh29lWi1a7r_wnIGhMY-WUNcW5Y6h8Jtd4a8DGVxoCgy4QAvD_BwE|Electrofun]] |Portugal (Electrofun store) | - | -|+|Power Supply AC / DC 12 V 3 A Adapter | Input: AC 110-240 V to 50 / 60 Hz\\ Output: 12 V DC\\ Current: 3 A. | 6.30 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :fonte-alimentac-o-adaptador-ac-dc-12v-3a.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.electrofun.pt/fontes-de-alimentacao/fonte-alimentac-o-adaptador-ac-dc-12v-3a?utm_campaign=efshopping&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&gclid=CjwKCAjw95D0BRBFEiwAcO1KDDD7pq3L2qCMCMfh29lWi1a7r_wnIGhMY-WUNcW5Y6h8Jtd4a8DGVxoCgy4QAvD_BwE|Electrofun]] |Portugal (Electrofun store) | - | -|
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 </table> </table>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-Considering the existence of a possible disparity between the current consumed by the system in theory and the actual consumption it was chosen to use "Switching Power Supply 12 V 1.5 A". +Considering a possible disparity between the current consumed by the system in theory and the actual consumption, the "Switching Power Supply 12 V 1.5 A" was chosen. 
  
 == - Photovoltaic panel      ==  == - Photovoltaic panel      == 
-Alimentation analysis: on-grid vs off-grid vs hybrid vs only grid (for DC pump). +Table {{ref>photovoltaictab}} compares possible types of installation with and without photovoltaic panels. 
- +
-In Table {{ref>photovoltaictab}} a brief evaluation is made of the types of installations possible with photovoltaic panels and also the possibility of not using them. +
  
 This study aims to conclude which is the best power system for the project.  This study aims to conclude which is the best power system for the project. 
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-After research and comparison of the different types of possible installations, it is concluded that the best feeding option for the project will be to use a system powered by the power grid and by a photovoltaic panel, without energy storage (aka on-grid). This system brings the greatest number of advantages: +The best power source option for the project will be to use a system powered by the power grid and by a photovoltaic panel, without energy storage (aka on-grid). This system brings the greatest number of advantages: 
   * No cost with batteries, characteristic of off-grid and hybrid systems. These batteries also have extremely harmful chemicals for the environment.    * No cost with batteries, characteristic of off-grid and hybrid systems. These batteries also have extremely harmful chemicals for the environment. 
   * It can work in the same continuous, alternating between the power supplied by the solar panel and the power grid;    * It can work in the same continuous, alternating between the power supplied by the solar panel and the power grid; 
   * Little impact of the energy market, as it works most of the time with energy from the photovoltaic panel, which also makes this system the most viable in the long term.    * Little impact of the energy market, as it works most of the time with energy from the photovoltaic panel, which also makes this system the most viable in the long term. 
  
-In Table {{ref>photovoltaicprototab}} are presented some photovoltaic panels that will be able to feed the prototype. +Table {{ref>photovoltaicprototab}} presents some photovoltaic panels to power the prototype. 
  
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 ^ Name  ^ Description  ^ Price (€)  ^ Photo ^ Seller ^ Local of export  ^ Weight (kg) ^ Datasheet ^ ^ Name  ^ Description  ^ Price (€)  ^ Photo ^ Seller ^ Local of export  ^ Weight (kg) ^ Datasheet ^
-|Photovoltaic Panel Silicon Monocrystalline 20W / 12 V | Nominal Power 20 W \\ Cell type Monocrystalline ; Number of cells in series 32\\ Maximum power current (Imp) 1.23 A ; Maximum power voltage (Vmp) 16.2 V \\ Open-circuit Voltage (Voc) 19.1 v ; Short circuit current ( Isc) 1.47 A\\ Dimension 360 * 490 * 25 mm ; Weight 2 kg \\ Maximum system voltage: 500 V\\ Temperature coefficient of PMPP (%) -0.48 / ° C ; Temperature coefficient of Voc (%) -0.34 / ° C ; Isc temperature coefficient (%) + 0.037 / ° C \\ Temperature range -40 ° C to + 85 ° C  Cable length / Connector type: 20 m / s, 6 g \\ Output tolerance + 3% \\ Frame: Aluminum frame |29.99 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :solar_20w.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.castroelectronica.pt/product/kit-painel-solar-20w-ltc|Castro Electronica]] | Portugal (Castro Electronica store)| 2 | -| +|Photovoltaic Panel Silicon Monocrystalline 20W / 12 V | Nominal Power 20 W \\ Cell type Monocrystalline ; Number of cells in series 32\\ Maximum power current (Imp) 1.23 A ; Maximum power voltage (Vmp) 16.2 V \\ Open-circuit Voltage (Voc) 19.1 V ; Short circuit current ( Isc) 1.47 A\\ Dimension 360 * 490 * 25 mm ; Weight 2 kg \\ Maximum system voltage: 500 V\\ Temperature coefficient of PMPP (%) -0.48 / °C ; Temperature coefficient of Voc (%) -0.34 / °C ; Isc temperature coefficient (%) + 0.037 / °C \\ Temperature range -40 °C to + 85 °C  Cable length / Connector type: 20 m/s, 6 g \\ Output tolerance + 3 % \\ Frame: Aluminum frame |29.99 | <WRAP centeralign>{{ :solar_20w.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.castroelectronica.pt/product/kit-painel-solar-20w-ltc|Castro Electronica]] | Portugal (Castro Electronica store)| 2 | -| 
-|Photovoltaic Panel Silicon Monocrystalline 50W / 12 V - ProFTC | Nominal Power 50W \\Cell type Monocrystalline ; Number of cells in series 36\\ Maximum power current (Imp) 2.75 A ; Maximum power voltage (Vmp) 18.2 V \\ Open-circuit Voltage (Voc) 21.5 V \\ Short circuit current (Isc) 2.23 A\\ Dimensions 670 * 540 * 30 mm \\ Weight 4.1 kg \\ Maximum system voltage: 500 V \\ Temperature coefficient of PMPP (%) -0.48 / ° C ; Temperature coefficient of Voc (%) -0.34 / ° C ; Isc temperature coefficient (%) + 0.037 / ° C \\ Temperature range -40 ° C to + 85 ° C \\ Cable length / Connector type 20 m / s, 6 g \\ Output tolerance + 3% \\ Frame, Aluminum frame |49.99 |<WRAP centeralign>{{ :solar_50w.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.castroelectronica.pt/product/painel-fotovoltaico-silicio-monocristalino-50w-12v--proftc| Castro Electronica]] | Portugal (Castro Electronica store)| 4.1 | -|+|Photovoltaic Panel Silicon Monocrystalline 50 W / 12 V - ProFTC | Nominal Power 50W \\Cell type Monocrystalline ; Number of cells in series 36\\ Maximum power current (Imp) 2.75 A ; Maximum power voltage (Vmp) 18.2 V \\ Open-circuit Voltage (Voc) 21.5 V \\ Short circuit current (Isc) 2.23 A\\ Dimensions 670 * 540 * 30 mm \\ Weight 4.1 kg \\ Maximum system voltage: 500 V \\ Temperature coefficient of PMPP (%) -0.48 / °C ; Temperature coefficient of Voc (%) -0.34 / °C ; Isc temperature coefficient (%) + 0.037 / °C \\ Temperature range -40 °C to + 85 °C \\ Cable length / Connector type 20 m/s, 6 g \\ Output tolerance + 3 % \\ Frame, Aluminum frame |49.99 |<WRAP centeralign>{{ :solar_50w.jpg?100 |}}</WRAP> | [[https://www.castroelectronica.pt/product/painel-fotovoltaico-silicio-monocristalino-50w-12v--proftc| Castro Electronica]] | Portugal (Castro Electronica store)| 4.1 | -|
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 </table> </table>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-With the research of photovoltaic panels available on the market it is possible to conclude that the best option would be "Photovoltaic Panel Silicon Monocrystalline 20W / 12 V" because it is the panel that presents the minimum ratings to feed the prototype, so it will be an efficient and well sized choice. +The research of photovoltaic panels available on the market allowed to conclude that the best option would be "Photovoltaic Panel Silicon Monocrystalline 20W / 12 V". This the panel satisfies the minimum ratings to power the prototype and has an appropriate size. 
  
 === - Transport fees of Portuguese stores=== === - Transport fees of Portuguese stores===
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-Bearing in mind that the bird repeller aims to keep birds away from the proximity of the prototype, the type of method that will work best will be one that has an effect on an area around the place where it is placed, rather than limiting an area with a barrier physical. +Bearing in mind that the bird repeller aims to keep birds away, the type of method that will work best will be one that has an effect on an area around the place where it is placed, rather than limiting an area with a barrier physical. 
  
 So "Holographic Owl" was chosen to fill this need, as it has the following characteristics:  So "Holographic Owl" was chosen to fill this need, as it has the following characteristics: 
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 ==== - Final list of components==== ==== - Final list of components====
  
-In the table {{ref>listofmaterials}} there are presented the final list of materials, along with the total cost and operating temperature of the prototype: +Table {{ref>listofmaterials}} contains the final list of materials, along with the total cost and operating temperature. 
  
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 |Temperature sensor | DS18B20 | 4.65 | -10 to +85 | |Temperature sensor | DS18B20 | 4.65 | -10 to +85 |
 |Microprocessor | Espressif ESP32 DevKitC-32D |13.60 | –40 to +85 | |Microprocessor | Espressif ESP32 DevKitC-32D |13.60 | –40 to +85 |
-|Logical level converter | 3.3 V & 5 V Logic Level Converter |2.5 |- |+|Logical level converter | 3.3 V & 5 V Logic Level Converter |2.50 |- |
 |MOSFET | BS170 | 0.31 |–55 to +150| |MOSFET | BS170 | 0.31 |–55 to +150|
 |Switch | 3 A / 250 V AC TOOGLE MINI SWITCH | 0.65 |-| |Switch | 3 A / 250 V AC TOOGLE MINI SWITCH | 0.65 |-|
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 ==== - Power Budget ==== ==== - Power Budget ====
-In order to demonstrate the connections and their electrical values between the components, the system's Power budget is shown below.  +This information is divided in tables between the main system loads, power distribution circuit and power sources. These tables include the input and output values of each of the components, as well as the components direct connected and the total value of the electrical current, power and voltage. 
-\\ +
-This information is divided in tables between the main system loads, power distribution circuit and power sources. In each of these tables we find the input and output values of each of the components, as well as the components that make direct connection and the total value of the electrical properties. +
  
 === - Main loads of the system === === - Main loads of the system ===
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 ^Component ^ Input Voltage [V]  ^ Input Current [A]  ^ Input Power [W] ^ Powered by  ^ Output Voltage [V]   ^ Output Current [A]  ^ Output Power [W]  ^ Powering   ^ ^Component ^ Input Voltage [V]  ^ Input Current [A]  ^ Input Power [W] ^ Powered by  ^ Output Voltage [V]   ^ Output Current [A]  ^ Output Power [W]  ^ Powering   ^
-|Pump | 12  DC  | 0.35   | 4.2 | Motor driver  | - | - | - | - | +|Pump | 12.0  DC  | 0.350   | 4.200 | Motor driver  | - | - | - | - | 
-|Ultrasonic sensor | 5  DC  | 0.030     | 0.15  | 12 V to 3.3 V and 5 V DC/DC converter  | 5 DC | -  | - | - | +|Ultrasonic sensor | 5.0  DC  | 0.030     | 0.150  | 12 V to 3.3 V and 5 V DC/DC converter  | 5.00 DC | -  | - | - | 
-|Water level sensor | 3.3  DC  | 0.020     | 0.066  | 12 V to 3.3 V and 5 V DC/DC converter  | 2.3 DC | -  | - | - | +|Water level sensor | 3.3  DC  | 0.020     | 0.066  | 12 V to 3.3 V and 5 V DC/DC converter  | 2.30 DC | -  | - | - | 
-|Temperature sensor | 3.3  DC  | 0.001     | 0.003  | 12 V to 3.3 V and 5 V DC/DC converter  | 3.3 DC | -  | - | - | +|Temperature sensor | 3.3  DC  | 0.001     | 0.003  | 12 V to 3.3 V and 5 V DC/DC converter  | 3.30 DC | -  | - | - | 
-|Microprocessor | 3.3 DC   | 0.5 (minimum demanded by source)    | 1.65  | 12 V to 3.3 V and 5 V DC/DC converter  | 2.64 DC | 1.1 (max)  | 2.904  | - | +|Microprocessor | 3.3 DC   | 0.500 (minimum demanded by source)    | 1.650  | 12 V to 3.3 V and 5 V DC/DC converter  | 2.64 DC | 1.10 (max)  | 2.904  | - | 
-|3.3V & 5V logic level converter | 3.3  DC and 5 DC  | - | - | - | 3.3  DC and 5 DC | - | - | - | +|3.3 V & 5 V logic level converter | 3.3  DC and 5.0 DC  | - | - | - | 3.30  DC and 5.00 DC | - | - | - | 
-|MOSFET | 12 DC | 0.35  | 4.2 | Microcontroller  | 12 DC | 0.35  | 4.2 | -  | +|MOSFET | 12.0 DC | 0.350  | 4.200 | Microcontroller  | 12.00 DC | 0.35  | 4.200 | -  | 
-|Total Input  | -  | 0.90    | 6.01  | -  | - | - | - | - |+|Total Input  | -  | 0.900    | 6.010  | -  | - | - | - | - |
  
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
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 === - Power Distribution Circuit === === - Power Distribution Circuit ===
-In table {{ref>powerdist}} are the components that make the power distribution circuit. +Table {{ref>powerdist}} list the components that make the power distribution circuit. 
 <WRAP centeralign> <WRAP centeralign>
 <table powerdist> <table powerdist>
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 ^Component ^ Input Voltage [V]  ^ Input Current [A]  ^ Input Power [W] ^ Powered by  ^ Output Voltage [V]   ^ Output Current [A]  ^ Output Power [W]  ^ Powering   ^ ^Component ^ Input Voltage [V]  ^ Input Current [A]  ^ Input Power [W] ^ Powered by  ^ Output Voltage [V]   ^ Output Current [A]  ^ Output Power [W]  ^ Powering   ^
 |12 V to 3.3 V and 5 V DC/DC converter  | 12  DC  | 0.551 + 0.012 (logic circuit) = 0.563 | 1.87 + 0.144 (logic circuit) =2.014  | Wide input voltage to 12 V DC/DC converter or Power supply AC/DC to 12 V  | 3.3 DC(for MCU, temperature sensor and water level sensor) and 5 DC( for ultrasonic sensor) | (0.5+0.020+0.001) + (0.03) = 0.551  | 1.72 + 0.15 = 1.87  | Microprocessor and Sensors | |12 V to 3.3 V and 5 V DC/DC converter  | 12  DC  | 0.551 + 0.012 (logic circuit) = 0.563 | 1.87 + 0.144 (logic circuit) =2.014  | Wide input voltage to 12 V DC/DC converter or Power supply AC/DC to 12 V  | 3.3 DC(for MCU, temperature sensor and water level sensor) and 5 DC( for ultrasonic sensor) | (0.5+0.020+0.001) + (0.03) = 0.551  | 1.72 + 0.15 = 1.87  | Microprocessor and Sensors |
-|Wide input voltage to 12 V DC/DC converter  | 3.8 to 32  DC  | 1.23 | 20 | Photovoltaic panel | 12 DC | 0.563+0.35=0.913 | 2.014 (12 V to 3.3 V and 5 V DC/DC converter) + 4.2 (Pump) = 6.214 | 12 V to 3.3 V and 5 V DC/DC converter and Pump | +|Wide input voltage to 12 V DC/DC converter  | 3.8 to 32.00  DC  | 1.230 | 20.000 | Photovoltaic panel | 12 DC | 0.563+0.35=0.913 | 2.014 (12 V to 3.3 V and 5 V DC/DC converter) + 4.2 (Pump) = 6.214 | 12 V to 3.3 V and 5 V DC/DC converter and Pump | 
-|Schottky diode | 12 DC | 0.913 | 6.214 | - | 12 DC | 0.913 | 6.214 | - |+|Schottky diode | 12.0 DC | 0.913 | 6.214 | - | 12 DC | 0.913 | 6.214 | - |
 |Total Output  | -  | - | - | -  | - | 0.913 | 6.214 | - | |Total Output  | -  | - | - | -  | - | 0.913 | 6.214 | - |
  
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 === - Power Sources === === - Power Sources ===
-In table {{ref>powersrc}} are the power sources of the system.+Table {{ref>powersrc}} displays the power sources of the system.
 <WRAP centeralign> <WRAP centeralign>
 <table powersrc> <table powersrc>
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 <WRAP box 1000px center> <WRAP box 1000px center>
 ^Component ^ Input Voltage [V]  ^ Input Current [A]  ^ Input Power [W] ^ Powered by  ^ Output Voltage [V]   ^ Output Current [A]  ^ Output Power [W]  ^ Powering   ^ ^Component ^ Input Voltage [V]  ^ Input Current [A]  ^ Input Power [W] ^ Powered by  ^ Output Voltage [V]   ^ Output Current [A]  ^ Output Power [W]  ^ Powering   ^
-|Power supply AC/DC to 12 V | 100 to 240 AC 50/60 Hz | - | - | Electrical grid | 12 DC | 1.5 (max) | 18 | 12 V to 3.3 V and 5 V DC/DC converter and Motor Driver |+|Power supply AC/DC to 12 V | 100 to 240 AC 50/60 Hz | - | - | Electrical grid | 12.0 DC | 1.50 (max) | 18 | 12 V to 3.3 V and 5 V DC/DC converter and Motor Driver |
 |Photovoltaic panel | - | - | -| Sun | 16.2 DC (max) | 1.23 (max) | 20 | Wide input voltage to 12 V DC/DC converter |  |Photovoltaic panel | - | - | -| Sun | 16.2 DC (max) | 1.23 (max) | 20 | Wide input voltage to 12 V DC/DC converter | 
  
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 === - Fluid mechanics === === - Fluid mechanics ===
-In the process of developing a product that operates in a lake, it is necessary that we consider the mechanics of fluids and the forces on them. +In the process of developing a product that operates in a lake, it is necessary to consider the mechanics of fluids and the relevant forces. 
  
 == - Overview == == - Overview ==
 Archimedes' principle states that any object, wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Archimedes' principle states that any object, wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
  
-An object floats when the weight force on the object is balanced by the upward push of the water on the object. The upwards push of the water increases with the volume of the object that is underwater; it is not affected by the depth of the water or the amount of water. +An object floats when the weight force on the object is balanced by the upward force of the water on the object. The upwards force increases with the volume of the object that is underwater; it is not affected by the depth of the water or the amount of water. 
-If the weight force down is larger than the upward push of the water on the object then the object will sink. If the reverse is true then the object will rise. +If the weight force is larger than the upward push of the water on the object then the object will sink. If the reverse is true, then the object will rise above the waterline. 
-Different objects float at different levels in the water because as most regular objects are lowered into the surface of the water, the upward push of the water steadily increases until it is in balance with the weight force of the object, and the object then continues floating at this level with the two forces in balance. +Different objects float at different levels in the water because, as most regular objects enter the water, the upward push of the water steadily increases until it is in balance with the weight force of the object, and the object then continues floating at this level with the two forces in balance. 
-Many objects that are hollow (and so generally contain air) float because the hollow sections increase the volume of the object (and so the upwards push) for very little increase in weight force down. However, it is not necessary for an object to contain air in order to float.+Many objects that are hollow (and so generally contain air) float because the hollow sections increase the volume of the object (and so the upwards push) for very little increase in weight force down.
 No object can float without some part of it being below the surface of the water[(floatingsinking)]. No object can float without some part of it being below the surface of the water[(floatingsinking)].
  
-In conclusion, in the process of designing the shape and choosing the materials, we have considered the following statements:+In conclusion, in the process of designing the shape and choosing the materials, the following statements have been considered:
  
   *  To float, the weight force on an object must be balanced by the upward push by the water on the object.   *  To float, the weight force on an object must be balanced by the upward push by the water on the object.
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-When it comes to Soaksy's buoyancy, we want to have a positive buoyancy overall, because it always floats, but we need to make sure that when it floats, the water level rises (and stays) at the very top of the inner part, as shown in Figure {{ref>waterlevel}}. A very thin layer of water would enter the bin, as in a waterfall movement.+When it comes to Soaksy's buoyancy, it needs to have a positive buoyancy overall, because it always floats, but it also needs to make sure that when it floats, the water level rises (and stays) at the very top of the inner part, as shown in Figure {{ref>waterlevel}}. A very thin layer of water would enter the bin, as in a waterfall movement.
  
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 If the water level stays at the very top of the inner bin, this implies that the overall weight of the bin is the same as the weight of the water that the bin displaces. If the water level stays at the very top of the inner bin, this implies that the overall weight of the bin is the same as the weight of the water that the bin displaces.
-The volume of displaced water consists of the volume of the body submerged, the volume that the pump occupies, and the volume of air inside the body (where the water is falling in like a waterfall). We also consider the last-mentioned volume because it is not desired to be filled with water, but with air, so it is also a volume of displaced water. +The volume of displaced water consists of the volume of the body submerged, the volume that the pump occupies, and the volume of air inside the body (where the water is falling in like a waterfall). This latter volume is considered because it is not desired to be filled with water, but with air, so it is also a volume of displaced water. 
-The volume of displaced water is around 47000000 mm<sup>3</sup>, so around 47 liters. The density of water changes with temperature and, very slightly, with pressure. However, its density is approximately 1 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, meaning that 47 liters are equal to 47kg.+The volume of displaced water is around 47 000 000 mm<sup>3</sup>, so around 47 liters. The density of water changes with temperature and, very slightly, with pressure. However, its density is approximately 1 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, meaning that 47 liters are equal to 47 kg.
  
-These 47kg need to be balanced by a body that weighs 47kg. Without an extra weight to balance this, the product weighs around 16.5kg. By adding a small body of water that would allow the pump not to run dry, another 4.5kg is added. To balance the remaining mass, a 26kg body of steel is added to the bottom of the body. +These 47 kg need to be balanced by an equal weight. Without an extra weight to balance this, the product weighs around 16.5 kg. By adding a small body of water that would allow the pump not to run dry, another 4.5 kg is added. To balance the remaining mass, a 26kg body of steel is added to the bottom of the body. 
  
  
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 The system uses three sensors to maintain a normal control of operation.  The system uses three sensors to maintain a normal control of operation. 
  
-The ultrasonic sensor is used to measure the level of waste within the collector, the water level sensor is used to maintain a constant level of water within the system and the temperature sensor to detect abnormal temperatures and react in a way that prevents damage to other components. +The ultrasonic sensor is used to measure the waste level inside the collector, the water level sensor measures the water level inside the collector and the temperature sensor measures the temperature of the water expelled by the pump. 
  
 == - Water pump == == - Water pump ==
  
-The water pump is the most important part of the system, constantly keeping the bin empty of water, thus allowing the whole system to function. Pump control is automatic via sensor information, but it can also be controlled by the user via a switch. +The water pump is the most important part of the system, constantly extracting water from the bin. The pump can be controlled automatically, through the control system, or manually, via a switch. 
  
 === - Software === === - Software ===
  
-== - Arduino language ==+== - IoT Platform ==
  
-The online platform presents the information in a more intuitive and accessible way for the right user. +The IoT platform presents the information in a more intuitive and accessible way. 
  
 The Thingspeak online platform was chosen for the following reasons:  The Thingspeak online platform was chosen for the following reasons: 
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   *  Easy registration and sharing of dashboards;    *  Easy registration and sharing of dashboards; 
  
-  *  The only free IoT platform in which it was able to connect to the Tinkercad circuit simulation platform. +  *  The only free IoT platform able to connect to the Tinkercad simulation platform. 
  
-This dashboard is configured to display the capacity of the waste collection bin and the status of the water pump. +This dashboard is configured to display the waste level and the status of the water pump. 
  
 The gauge "Bin capacity (%)" shows the capacity of the collecting bucket as a percentage. An important feature of this display is the transmission of the system status through text in the middle of this gauge. This feature allows to inform the user of the following situations: the bucket is full (Full!) , connection with the lost sensor (Sensor Lost!), inconclusive reading (Inconclusive!) or without information to display (No Data!).  The gauge "Bin capacity (%)" shows the capacity of the collecting bucket as a percentage. An important feature of this display is the transmission of the system status through text in the middle of this gauge. This feature allows to inform the user of the following situations: the bucket is full (Full!) , connection with the lost sensor (Sensor Lost!), inconclusive reading (Inconclusive!) or without information to display (No Data!). 
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 ==== - Tests and Results ====  ==== - Tests and Results ==== 
  
-We will discuss two types of simulations/tests. One that is linked to the electronics, the sensors and the circuit, and another type that is linked to the behavior of the materials and how they react to solicitations.+There will be discuss two types of simulations/tests. One that is linked to the electronics, the sensors and the circuit, and another type that is linked to the behavior of the materials and how they react to solicitations.
  
 The simulations of the different possible situations in the functioning of the system were conducted through the online Tinkercad stimulation platform. However, this platform did not have all the necessary components for an exact simulation of the proposed system. The most notable modifications were:   The simulations of the different possible situations in the functioning of the system were conducted through the online Tinkercad stimulation platform. However, this platform did not have all the necessary components for an exact simulation of the proposed system. The most notable modifications were:  
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 == - Stress simulation outside the water == == - Stress simulation outside the water ==
  
-The main load that acts on the product is the weight of the stainless steel body. It weighs around 26kg, which, as a load, is the equivalent to 255N. To make this scenario even worse, we will consider a load of 260N, and gravity force.+The main load that acts on the product is the weight of the stainless steel body. It weighs around 26kg, which, as a load, is the equivalent to 255 N. To make this scenario even worse, it will be consider a load of 260 N, and gravity force.
  
 Figure {{ref>safetyout}} shows the minimum safety factor that occurs in the body, and that it resists very well in this situation. Figure {{ref>safetyout}} shows the minimum safety factor that occurs in the body, and that it resists very well in this situation.
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 == - Stress simulation in the water == == - Stress simulation in the water ==
  
-The difference between the case where the body is out of the water is that there is not only the weight of the stainless steel body, but also the hydrostatic pressure. We will consider a load of 260N, hydrostatic pressure, and gravity force.+The difference between the case where the body is out of the water is that there is not only the weight of the stainless steel body, but also the hydrostatic pressure. It will be consider a load of 260 N, hydrostatic pressure, and gravity force.
  
 Figure {{ref>safetyin}} shows the minimum safety factor in the body, and that it has no potential to break. Figure {{ref>safetyin}} shows the minimum safety factor in the body, and that it has no potential to break.
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 Another addition to the product would be the option of using waste collection containers capable of filtering oil from the water and even capturing microplastics.  Another addition to the product would be the option of using waste collection containers capable of filtering oil from the water and even capturing microplastics. 
  
-The results we got showed us that the body resists well to the loads applied, both in and out of the water, meaning that it has no potential to break. +The results showed that the body resists well to the loads applied, both in and out of the water, meaning that it has no potential to break. 
 The system is well balanced if the amount of water (the weight) inside stays the same.  The system is well balanced if the amount of water (the weight) inside stays the same. 
 In real life, the weight of the product (the amount of water that exists inside) always fluctuates. Even if it fluctuates between two close levels (thanks to the water level sensor), the difference is not always insignificant. A slight change in weight can make the product sink a few millimeters. When it sinks, the debit of the water that gets inside changes. The area used by the water to get inside (the difference between the lake level and the margin of the inner bin) increases, and the speed of water does the same.  In real life, the weight of the product (the amount of water that exists inside) always fluctuates. Even if it fluctuates between two close levels (thanks to the water level sensor), the difference is not always insignificant. A slight change in weight can make the product sink a few millimeters. When it sinks, the debit of the water that gets inside changes. The area used by the water to get inside (the difference between the lake level and the margin of the inner bin) increases, and the speed of water does the same. 

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